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Previous Year UPSC Questions Mains

Question Year
In the context of the work environment, differentiate between ‘coercion’ and ‘undue influence’ with suitable examples 2023
Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What does each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? (a) “The simplest acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a thousand heads bowing in prayer.” – Mahatma Gandhi (b) “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves.” – Jawaharlal Nehru (c) “Do not hate anybody, because that hatred that comes out from you must, in the long run, come back to you. If you love, that love will come back to you, completing the circle.” – Swami Vivekanand. 2023
Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? (a) “Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it, do not become others.” — Swami Vivekananda (b) “Faith is of no avail in the absence of strength. Faith and strength, both are essential to accomplish any great work.” — Sardar Patel (c) “In law, a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics, he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.” — Immanuel Kant 2024
Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making ? Discuss 2023
“Ethics encompasses several key dimensions that are crucial in guiding individuals and organizations towards morally responsible behaviour”. Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human actions. Discuss how these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in the professional context. 2024
You are appointed as an officer heading the section in Environment Pollution Control Board to ensure compliance and its follow-up. In that region, there were large number of small and medium industries which had been granted clearance. You learnt that these industries provide employment to many migrant workers. Most of the industrial units have got environmental clearance certificate in their possession. The environmental clearance seeks to curb industries and projects that supposedly hamper environment and living species in the region. But in practice, most of these units remain to be polluting units in several ways like air, water and soil pollution. As such, local people encountered persistent health problems. It was confirmed that majority of the industries were violating environmental compliance. You issued notice to all the industrial units to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificate from the competent authority. However, your action met with hostile response from a section of the industrial units, other vested interest persons and a section of the local politicians. The workers also became very hostile to you as they felt that your action would lead to the closure of these industrial units, and the resultant unemployment will lead to insecurity and uncertainty in their livelihood. Many owners of the industries approached you with the plea that you should not initiate harsh action as it would compel them to close their units, and cause huge financial loss, shortage of their products in the market. These would obviously add to the sufferings of the labourers and the consumers alike. The labour union also sent you representation requesting against the closure of the units. You simultaneously started receiving threats from unknown corners. You however received supports from some of your colleagues, who advised you to act freely to ensure environmental compliance. Local NGOs also came to your support and they demanded the closure of the polluting units immediately. (a) What are the options available to you under the given situation? (b) Critically examine the options listed by you. (c) What type of mechanism would you suggest to ensure environmental compliance? (d) What are the ethical dilemmas you faced in exercising your option? 2022
Rakesh was working as Joint Commissioner in Transport Department of a city. As a part of his job profile, among others, he was entrusted with the task of overseeing the control and functioning of City Transport Department. A case strike by the drivers ‘ union of City Transport Department over the issue of compensations to a driver who died on duty while driving the bus came up before him for decision in the matter. He gathered that the driver (deceased) was plying Bus No. 528 which passed through busy and congested roads of the city. It so happened that near an intersection on the way, there was an accident involving the bus and a car driven by a middle-aged man. It was found that there was altercation between the driver and the car driver. Heated arguments between them led to fight and the driver gave him a blow. Lot of passerbys had gathered and tried to intervene but without success Eventually, both of them were badly injured and profusely bleeding and were taken to the nearby hospital. The driver succumbed to the injuries and could not be saved. The middle-aged driver’s condition was also critical but after a day, he recovered and was discharged. Police had immediately come at the spot of accident and FIR was registered. Police investigation revealed that the quarrel in question was started by the bus driver and he had resorted to physical violence. There was exchange of blows between them. The City Transport Department management is considering of not giving any extra compensation to the driver’s (deceased) family. The family is very aggrieved, depressed and agitated against the discriminatory and non – sympathetic approach of the City Transport Department management. The bus driver (deceased) was 52 years of age, was survived by his wife and two school – college going daughters. He was the sole earner of the family. The City Transport Department workers ‘ union took up this case and when found no favourable response from the management, decided to go on strike. The union’s demand was two – fold. First was full extra compensation as given to other drivers who died on duty and secondly employment to one family member. The strike has continued for 10 days and the deadlock remains. (a) What are the options available to Rakesh to meet the above situation? (b) Critically examine each of the options identified by Rakesh (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rakesh? (d) What course of action would Rakesh adopt to diffuse the above situation? 2022
You have done MBA from a reputed institution three years back but could not get campus placement due to COVID-19 generated recession. However, after a lot of persuasion and series of competitive tests including written and interview, you managed to get a job in a leading shoe company. You have aged parents who are dependent and staying with you. You also recently got married after getting this decent job. You were allotted the Inspection Section which is responsible for clearing the final product. In first one year, you learnt your job well and was appreciated for your performance by the management. The company is doing good business for last five years in domestic market and this year it is decided even to export to Europe and Gulf countries. However, one large consignment to Europe was rejected by their Inspecting Team due to certain poor quality and was sent back. The top management ordered that ibid consignment to be cleared for the domestic market. As a part of Inspecting Team, you observed the glaring poor quality and brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander. However, the top management advised all the members of the team to overlook these defects as the management cannot bear such a huge loss. Rest of team member expect you promptly signed and cleared the consignment for domestic market, overlooking glaring defects. You again brought to the knowledge of the Team Commander that such consignment, if cleared even for the domestic market, will tarnish the image and reputation of the company and will be counter-productive in the long run. However, you were further advised by the top management that if you do not clear the consignment, the company will not hesitate your services certain innocuous reasons. (a) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you as a member of the Inspecting Team? (b) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you. (c) What option would you adopt and why? (d) what are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you? (e) What can be the consequences of overlooking the observations raised by the Inspecting Team? 2022
The Supreme Court has banned mining in the Aravalli Hills to stop degradation of the forest cover and to maintain ecological balance. However, the stone mining was still prevalent in the border district of the affected State with connivance of certain corrupt forest officials and politicians. Young and dynamic SP who was recently posted in the affected district promised to himself to stop this menace. In one of his surprise checks with his team, he found loaded truck with stone trying to escape the mining area. He tried to stop the truck but the truck driver overrun the police officer, killing him on the spot and thereafter managed to flee. Police filed FIR but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost three months. Ashok who was the Investigative Journalist working with leading TV channel, suo moto started investigating the case. Within one month, Ashok got breakthrough by interacting with local people, stone mining mafia and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented to the CMD of the TV channel. He exposed in his investigative report the complete nexus of stone mafia working with blessing of corrupt police and civil officials and politicians. The politician who was involved in the mafia was no one else but local MLA who was considered to be very close to the Chief Minister. After going through the investigative report, the CMD advised Ashok to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. He informed that the local MLA was not only the relative of the owner of the TV channel but also had unofficially 20 percent share in the channel. The CMD further informed Ashok that his further promotion and hike in pay will be taken care of in addition the soft loan of 10 lakhs which he has taken from the TV channel for his son’s chronic disease will be suitably adjusted if he hands over the investigative report to him. (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation? (b) Critically evaluate/examine each of the options identified by Ashok? (c) What are the ethical dilemmas being face by Ashok? (d) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Ashok adopt and why? (e) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant? 2022
Ramesh is State Civil Services Officer who got the opportunity of getting posted to the capital of a border State after rendering 20 years of service. Ramesh’s mother has recently been detected cancer and has been admitted in the leading cancer hospital of the city. His two adolescent children have also got admission in one of the best public schools of the town. After settling down in his appointment as Director in the Home Department of the State, Ramesh got confidential report through intelligence sources that illegal migrants are infiltrating in the State from the neighbouring country. He decided to personally carry out surprise check of the border posts along with his Home Department team. To his surprise, he caught red-handed two families of 12 members infiltrated with the connivance of the security personnel at the border posts. On further inquiry and investigation, it was found that after the migrants from neighbouring country infiltrate, their documentation like Aadhaar Card, Ration Card and Voter Card are also forged and they are made to settle down in a particular area of the State. Ramesh prepared the detailed and comprehensive report and submitted to the Additional Secretary of the State. However, he has summoned by the Additional Home Secretary after a week and was instructed to withdraw the report. The Additional Home Secretary informed Ramesh that the report submitted by him has not been appreciated by the higher authorities. He further cautioned him that if he fails to withdraw the confidential report, he will not only be posted out from the prestigious appointment from the state capital but this further promotion which is due in near future will also get in jeopardy. (a) What are the options available to Ramesh as the Director of the Home Department of the bordering State? (b) What option should Ramesh adopt and why? (c) Critically evaluate each of the options. (d) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh? (e) What policy measures would you suggest combat the menace of infiltration of illegal migrants from the neighboring country? 2022
Prabhat was working as Vice President (Marketing) at Sterling Electric Ltd., a reputed multinational company. But presently the company was passing through the difficult times as the sales were continuously showing downward trend in the last two quarters. His division, which hitherto had been a major revenue contributor to the company’s financial health, was now desperately trying to procure some big government order for them. But their best efforts did not yield any positive success or breakthrough. His was a professional company and his local bosses were under pressure from their London-based HO to show some positive results. In the last performance review meeting taken by the Executive Director (India Head), he was reprimanded for his poor performance. He assured them that his division is working on a special contract from the Ministry of Defence for a secret installation near Gwalior and tender is being submitted shortly. He was under extreme pressure and he was deeply perturbed. What aggravated the situation further was a warning from the top that if the deal is not clinched in favour of the company, his division might have to be closed and he may have to quit his lucrative job. There was another dimension which was causing him deep mental torture and agony This pertained to his personal precarious financial health. He was a single earner in the family with two school college going children and his old ailing mother. The heavy expenditure on education and medical was causing a big strain to his monthly pay packet Regular EMI for housing loan taken from bank was unavoidable and any default would render him liable for severe legal action. In the above backdrop, he was hoping for some miracle to happen. There was sudden turn of events. His secretary informed that a gentleman – Subhash Verma wanted to see him as he was interested in the position of Manager which was to be filled in by him in the company. He further brought to his notice that his CV has been received through the office of the Minister of Defence. During interview of the candidate Subhash Verma, he found him technically sound, resourceful and experienced marketeer. He seemed to be well – conversant with tendering procedures and having knack of follow – up and liaising in this regard Prabhat felt that he was better choice than the rest of the candidates who were recently interviewed by him in the last few days. Subhash Verma also indicated that he was in possession of the copies of the bid documents that the Unique Electronics Ltd. would be submitting the next day to the Defence Ministry for their tender. He offered to hand over those documents subject to his employment in the company on suitable terms and conditions. He made it clear that in the process, the Sterling Electric Ltd. could outbid their rival company and get the bid and hefty Defence Ministry order. He indicated that it will be win-win situation for both – him and the company. Prabhat was absolutely stunned. It was a mixed feeling of shock and thrill. He was uncomfortable and perspiring. If accepted, all his problems would vanish instantly and he may be rewarded for securing the much-awaited tender and thereby boosting company’s sales and financial health. He was in a fix as to the future course of action. He was wonder – struck at the guts of Subhash Verma in having surreptitiously removing his own company papers and offering to the rival company for a job. Being an experienced person, he was examining the pros and cons of the proposal / situation and he asked him to come the next day. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. (b) Critically examine the options available to Prabhat in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Prabhat and why? 2022
You hold a responsible position in a ministry in the government, One day in the morning you received a call from the school of your 11-year-old son that you are required to come and meet the Principal. You proceed to the school and find your son in the Principal’s office. The Principal informs that your you that your son had been found wandering aimlessly in the grounds during the time classes were in progress. The class teacher further informs you son has lately become a loner and did not respond to questions in the class, he had also been unable to perform well in the football trials held recently. You bring your son back from the school and in the evening, you along with your wife try to find out the reasons for your son’s changed behaviour. After repeated cajoling, your son shares that some children had been making fun of him in the class as well as in the WhatsApp group of the students by calling him stunted, duh and a frog. He tells you the names of a few children who are the main culprits but pleads with you to let the matter rest. After a few days, during a sporting event, where you and your wife have gone to watch your son play, one of your colleague’s son shows you a video in which students have caricatured your son. Further, he also points out to the perpetrators who were sitting in the stands. You purposefully walk past them with your son and go home. Next day, you find on social media, a video denigrating you, your son and even your wife, stating that you engaged in physical bullying of children on the sports field. The video became viral on social media. Your friends and colleagues began calling you to find out the details. One of your juniors advised you to make a counter video giving the background and explaining that nothing had happened on the field. You, in turn posted a video which you have captured during the sporting event, identifying the likely perpetrators who were responsible for your son’s predicament. You have also narrated what has actually happened in the field and made attempts to bring out the adverse effects of the misuse of social media. (a) Based on the above case study, discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of social media. (b) Discuss the pros and cons of using social media by you to put across the facts to counter the fake propaganda against your family. 2023
You have just been appointed as Additional Director General of Central Public Works Department. The Chief Architect of your division, who is to retire in six months, is passionately working on a very important project, the successful completion of which would earn him a lasting reputation for the rest of his life. A new lady architect, Seema, trained at Manchester School of Architecture, UK joined as Senior Architect in your division. During the briefing about the project, Seema made some suggestions which would not only add value to the project, but would also reduce completion time. This has made the Chief Architect insecure and he is constantly worried that all the credit will go to her. Subsequently, he adopted a passive and aggressive behaviour towards her and has become disrespectful to her. Seema felt it embarrassing as the Chief Architect left no chance of humiliating her. He would very often correct her in front of other colleagues and raise his voice while speaking to her. This continuous harassment has resulted in her losing confidence and self-esteem. She felt perpetually tensed, anxious and stressed. She appeared to be in awe of him since he has had a long tenure in the office and has vast experience in the area of her work. You are aware of her outstanding academic credentials and career record in her previous organisations. However, you fear that this harassment may result in compromising her much needed contribution in this important project and may adversely impact her emotional well-being. You have also come to know from her peers that she is contemplating tendering her resignation. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (b) What are the options available to you in order to complete the project as well as to retain Seema in the organization? (c) What would be your response to Seema’s predicament? What measures would you institute to prevent such occurrences from happening in your organization? 2023
Vinod is an honest and sincere IAS officer. Recently, he has taken over as Managing Director of the State Road Transport Corporation, his sixth transfer in the past three years. His peers acknowledge his vast knowledge, affability and uprightness. The Chairman of the State Road Transport Corporation is a powerful politician and is very close to the Chief Minister. Vinod comes to know about many alleged irregularities of the Corporation and the high-handedness of the Chairman in financial matters. A Board Member of the Corporation belonging to the Opposition Party meets Vinod and hands over a few documents along with a video recording in which the Chairman appears to be demanding bribe for placing a huge order for the supply of QMR tyres. Vinod recollects the Chairman expediting clearing of pending bills of QMR tyres, Vinod confronts the Board Member as to why he is shying away from exposing the Chairman with the so-called solid proof he has with him. The member informs him that the Chairman refuses to yield to his threats. He adds that Vinod may earn recognition and public support if he himself exposes the Chairman. Further, he tells Vinod that once his party comes to power, Vinod’s professional growth would be assured. Vinod is aware that he may be penalized if he exposes the Chairman and may further be transferred to a distant place. He knows that the Opposition Party stands a better chance of coming to power in the forthcoming elections. However, he also realizes that the Board Member is trying to use him for his own political gains. (a) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Vinod. (b) In the light of the above case, comment upon the ethical issues that may arise due to the politicization of bureaucracy. 2023
At 9 pm on Saturday evening, Rashika, a Joint Secretary, was still engrossed in her work in her office. Her husband, Vikram, is an executive in an MNC and frequently out of town in connection with his work. Their two children aged 5 and 3 are looked after by their domestic helper. At 9:30 pm her superior, Mr. Suresh calls her and asks her to prepare a detailed note on an important matter to be discussed in a meeting in the Ministry. She realises that she will have to work on Sunday to finish the additional task given by her superior. She reflects on how she had looked forward to this posting and had worked long hours for months to achieve it. She had kept the welfare of people uppermost in discharging her duties, She feels that she has not done enough justice to her family and she has not fulfilled her duties in discharging essential social obligations. Even as recently as last month she had to leave her sick child in the nanny’s care as she had to work in the office. Now, she feels that she must draw a line, beyond which her personal life should take precedence over her professional responsibilities. She thinks that there should be reasonable limits to the work ethics such as punctuality, hard work, dedication to duty and selfless service. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case. (b) Briefly describe at least four laws that have been enacted by the Government with respect to providing a healthy, safe and equitable working environment for women. (c) Imagine you are in a similar situation. What suggestions would you make to mitigate such working conditions? 2023
A landslide occurred in the middle of the night on 20th July, 2023 in a remote mountain hamlet, approximately 60 kilometres from Uttarkashi. The landslide was caused by torrential rains and has resulted in large-scale destruction of property and life. You, as District Magistrate of that area, have rushed to the spot with a team of doctors, NGOs, media and police along with numerous support staff to oversee the rescue operations. A man came running to you with a request for urgent medical help for his pregnant wife who is in labour and is losing blood. You directed your medical team to examine his wife. They return and convey to you that this woman needs blood transfusion immediately. Upon enquiry, you come to know that a few blood collection bags and blood group test kits are available in the ambulance accompanying your team. Few people of your team have already volunteered to donate blood. Being a physician who has graduated from AIIMS, you know that blood for transfusion needs to be procured only through a recognized blood bank. Your team members are divided on this issue; some favour transfusion, while some others oppose it. The doctors in the team are ready to facilitate the delivery provided they are not penalized for transfusion. Now you are in a dilemma. Your professional training emphasizes on prioritising service to humanity and saving lives of individuals. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case? (b) Evaluate the options available to you, being District Magistrate of the area 2023
You are working as an executive in a nationalised bank for several years One day one of your close colleagues tells you that her father is suffering from heart disease and needs surgery immediately to survive. She also tells you that she has no insurance and the operation will cost about 10 lakh. You are also aware of the fact that her husband is no more and that she is from a lower middle class family. You are empathetic about her situation. However, apart from expressing your sympathy, you do not have the resources to find her. A few weeks later, you ask her about the well-being of her father and she informs you about his successful surgery and that he is recovering. She then confides in you that the bank manager was kind enough to facilitate the release of 10 lakh from a dormant account of someone to pay for the operation with a promise that it should be confidential and be repaid at the earliest. She has already started paying it back and will continue to do so until it is all returned. (a) What are the ethical issues involved? (b) Evaluate the behaviour of the bank manager from an ethical point of view. (c) How would you react to the situation? 2023
Dr. Srinivasan is a senior scientist working for a reputed biotechnology company known for its cuttingedge research in pharmaceuticals. Dr. Srinivasan is heading a research team working on a new drug aimed at treating a rapidly spreading variant of a new viral infectious disease. The disease has been rapidly spreading across the world, and the cases reported in the country are increasing. There is huge pressure on Dr. Srinivasan’s team to expedite the trials for the drug as there is a significant market for it, and the company wants to get the first-mover advantage in the market. During a team meeting, some senior team members suggest some shortcuts for expediting the clinical trials for the drug and for getting the requisite approvals. These include manipulating data to exclude some negative outcomes and selectively reporting positive results, foregoing the process of informed consent, and using compounds already patented by a rival company, rather than developing one’s own component. Dr. Srinivasan is not comfortable taking such shortcuts, but at the same time, he realizes meeting the targets is impossible without using these means. (a) What would you do in such a situation? (b) Examine your options and consequences in the light of the ethical questions involved. (c) How can data ethics and drug ethics save humanity at large in such a scenario? 2024
With the summer heat being exceptionally severe this year, the district has been facing severe water shortages. The District Collector has been mobilizing his subordinate officials to conserve the remaining water reserves to prevent the district from plunging into an acute drinking water crisis. Along with an awareness campaign for conserving water, strict measures have been taken for stopping the overexploitation of groundwater. Vigilance teams have been deployed to tour the villages and find the farmers who are drawing water from deep borewells or from the river reservoir for irrigation. The farmers are agitated by such actions. A delegation of farmers meets the District Collector with their issues and complains that while they are not being allowed to irrigate their crops, big industries located near the river are drawing huge amounts of water through deep borewells for their industrial processes. The farmers allege that their administration is antifarmer and corrupt, being bribed by the industry. The district needs to placate the farmers as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, the District Collector has to deal with the water crisis. The industry cannot be closed as this would result in a large number of workers being unemployed. (a) Discuss all options available to the District Collector as a District Magistrate. (b) What suitable actions can be taken in view of mutually compatible interests of the stakeholders? (c) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas for the District Collector? 2024
Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in-charge of the new super specialty center that the hospital is building with state-of-the-art equipment and world-class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned, it is not mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother’s company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favoritism against her and tarnish her image. The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers. (a) What should be Sneha’s course of action? (b) How would she justify what she chooses to do? (c) In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest? 2024
With a multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments, especially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where the naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to the involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite-affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get real-time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadres. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordon and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents, got a message through his intelligence source that about ten hardcore naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviors. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state, on the radio set and on mobile phone but failed to do so due to poor connectivity. Rohit was in a great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hardcore top insurgents with prize money of ₹ ten lakhs on their heads but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation, Rohit might have to resort to firing, which may lead to a valuable loss of lives of civilians and would further complicate the situation. (a) What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation? (b) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit? (c) Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why? (d) In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters? 2024
Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which needed his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus, they were vulnerable and soft targets. In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers of DIG Range and above, it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organization seemed to have the clear objective of using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state. A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local communal organizations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and to check these elements before they assume serious proportions. Discrete inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. n average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day using electronic devices/internet, etc. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of that global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed heir strong affinity to such groups, in as much as many of them started forwarding anti-national tweets on their WhatsApp and Facebook, etc. It seemed that they succumbed to their ploy and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government’s initiatives, policies, and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism. (a) What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation? (b) What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state? (c) In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force? 2024
There is a technological company named ABC Incorporated, which is the second largest worldwide, situated in the Third World. You are the Chief Executive Officer and the majority shareholder of this company. The fast technological improvements have raised worries among environmental activists, regulatory authorities, and the general public over the sustainability of this scenario. You confront substantial issues about the business’s environmental footprint. In 2023, your organization had a significant increase of 48% in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the levels recorded in 2019. The significant rise in energy consumption is mainly due to the surging energy requirements of your data centers, fueled by the exponential expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI-powered services need much more computational resources and electrical energy compared to conventional online activities, notwithstanding their notable gains. The technology’s proliferation has led to a growing concern over the environmental repercussions, resulting in an increase in warnings. AI models, especially those used in extensive machine learning and data processing, exhibit much greater energy consumption than conventional computer tasks, with an exponential increase. Although there is already a commitment and goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2030, the challenge of lowering emissions seems overwhelming as the integration of AI continues to increase. To achieve this goal, substantial investments in renewable energy use would be necessary. The difficulty is exacerbated by the competitive environment of the technology sector, where rapid innovation is essential for reserving market standing and shareholders’ worth. To achieve a balance between innovation, profitability, and sustainability, a strategic move is necessary that is in line with both business objectives and ethical obligations. (a) What is your immediate response to the challenges posed in the above case? (b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case. (c) Your company has been identified to be penalized by technological giants. What logical and ethical arguments will you put forth to convince about its necessity? (d) Being a conscience being, what measures would you adopt to maintain balance between AI innovation and environmental footprint? 2024
Ashok is Divisional Commissioner of one of the border districts of the North East State. A few years back, Military has taken over the neighbouring country after overthrowing the elected civil government. Civil war situation is prevailing in the country especially in last two years. However, internal situation further deteriorated due to rebel groups taking over control of certain populated areas near own border. Due to intense fight between military and rebel groups, civilian casualties has increased manifold in recent past. In the meantime, in one night Ashok got information from the local police guarding the border check post that there are about 200-250 people mainly women and children trying to cross over to our side of the border. There are also about 10 soldiers with their weapons in military uniform part of this group who wants to cross over. Women and Children are also crying and begging for help. A few of them are injured and bleeding profusely need immediate medical care. Ashok tried to contact Home Secretary of the State but failed to do so due to poor connectivity mainly due to inclement weather. (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope with the situation? (b) What are the ethical and legal dilemmas being faced by Ashok? (c) Which of the options, do you think would be more appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why? (d) In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the Border Guarding Police in dealing with soldiers in uniform? 2025
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program, MGNREGA was earlier known as National Rural Employment Scheme, NREGA. It is an Indian Social Welfare Program that aimed at fulfilling the ‘Right to Work’ provisions made in the Constitution. MGNREGA was launched in 2006 under Rural Employment Sector by the Ministry of Rural Development. Main objective of the program is to give legal guarantee of wage employment to the adult members of rural households who are willing to do unskilled manual labour work subject to a maximum of 100 days per year for every household. Every rural household has the right to register under the scheme, job card is issued to the registered, Job Card holder can seek employment; State Government shall pay 25% of minimum wage for the first 30 days as compensatory daily unemployment allowance to the families and of wage for remaining period of the year. MGNREGA work was undertaken by various Gram Panchayats. You have been appointed as an Administrator Incharge of the District. You have been given the responsibility of monitoring MGNREGA work undertaken by various Gram Panchayats. You are also given the authority to give technical sanctions to all MGNREGA works. In one of the Panchayats in your jurisdiction, you notice that your predecessor has mismanaged the Program in terms of: (i) Money not disbursed to actual job-seekers. (ii) Muster Rolls of the Labourers not properly maintained (iii) Mismatch between the work done and payments made. (iv) Payments made to fictitious persons. (v) Job Cards were given without looking into the need of person. (vi) Mismanagement of funds and to the extent of siphoning of funds. (vii) Approved works that never existed: (a) What is your reaction to the above situation and how do you restore the proper functioning of MGNREGA Program in this regard? (b) What actions would you initiate to solve the various issues listed above? (c) How would you deal with the above situation? 2025
Rajesh is a Group A officer with nine years of service. He is posted as Administrative Officer in an Oil Public Sector undertaking. As an Administrative Officer he is responsible for managing and coordinating various administrative tasks to ensure smooth functioning of office. He also manages office supplies, equipment etc. Rajesh is now sufficient senior and is expecting his next promotion in JAG (Junior Administrative Grade) in the next one or two years. He knows that promotion is based on examination of ACRs/Performance Appraisal of last few years (5 years or so) of an officer by a DPC (Departmental Promotion Committee) and an officer lacking requisite grading of ACRs may not be found fit for promotion. Consequences of losing promotion may entail financial and reputational loss and set-back for career progression. Though he also puts his best efforts in official discharge of his duties, yet he is unsure of assessment by his superior officer. He is now putting extra efforts so that he gets thumping report at the end of financial year.As Administrative Officer, Rajesh is regularly interacting with his immediate boss, who is his reporting officer for writing his ACR. One day he calls Rajesh and wants him to buy computer-related stationery on priority from a particular vendor Rajesh instructs his office to initiate action for procuring these items. During the day, the dealing Assistant brings an estimate of Rupees Thirty Five Lakhs covering all stationery items from the same vendor. It is noticed that as per delegated financial powers, as provided in the GFR (General Financial Rules) as applicable in that Organisation, expenditure for office items exceeding Rupees Thirty Lakhs requires sanction of the next higher authority (boss in the present case). Rajesh knows that immediate superior would expect all these purchases should be done at his level and may not appreciate such lack of initiative on his part. During discussions with office, he learns that common practice of splitting of expenditure (where large order is divided into a series of smaller ones) is followed to avoid obtaining sanction from higher authority. This practice is against the rules and may come to the adverse notice of Audit. Rajesh is perturbed. He is unsure of taking decision in the matter. (a) What are the options available with Rajesh in the above situation? (b) What are the ethical issues involved in this case? (c) Which would be the most appropriate option for Rajesh and why? 2025
Subash is Secretary, PWD in the State Government. He is a senior officer, known for his competence, integrity and dedication to work. He enjoys the trust and confidence of Minister Incharge of PWD and Programme Implementation. As a part of his job profile, he is responsible for policy formulation, execution of projects relating to infrastructure initiatives in the State. Besides, he oversees the technical and administrative aspects, relating to planning, designing and construction etc. Subash’s Minister is an important Minister in the state and significant growth in urban infrastructure development and road network has been registered during his tenure. He is very keen for launching of ambitious road construction project in the near future. Subash is in regular touch with the Minister and is working various modalities of road construction project. Regular meetings, interactions and presentations are made by him to the Minister before a formal public announcement of the project is made by the Minister. Subash’s only son Vikas is in real estate business. His son from his own sources is aware that a mega road project is on the anvil and announcement in this regard is expected anytime. He is very keen to know from his father the exact location of the upcoming project. He knows that there would be quantum jump in the prices of land in the vicinity. Buying land at this stage at cheaper prices would pay him rich dividends. He is pleading with him (his father) day in and day out to share him location of the proposed project. He assured him that he would handle the matter discretely as it would not attract any adverse notice as he in the normal course, keeps on buying land as a part of his business. He feels pressurised because of constant pleadings by his son. Another significant aspect of the matter pertained to the extra/undue interest in the above project by the Minister PWD. His nephew was also having big infrastructure project company. In fact, the Minister has also introduced his nephew to him and indicated to him to take care of his nephew’s business interest in the forthcoming project. The Minister encouraged him to act fast in the matter as early announcement and execution of mega road project would enhance his status in the party and public life. In the above backdrop, Subash is in a fix as to the future course of action. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. (b) Critically examine the options available to Subash in the above situation. (c) Which of the above would he most appropriate and why? 2025
In line with the Directive Principles of State Policy enshrined in the Indian Constitution, the government has a constitutional obligation to ensure basic needs -“Roti, Kapda aur Makan (Food, Clothes and Shelter)” for the under-privileged, Pursuing this mandate, the district administration proposed clearing a portion of forest land to develop housing for the homeless and economically weaker sections of the society. The proposed land, however, is an ecologically sensitive zone densely populated with age-old trees, medicinal plants and vital biodiversity. Besides, these forests help to regulate micro-climate and rainfalls, provide habitat for wildlife, support soil fertility and prevent land/soil erosion and sustain livelihoods of tribal and nomadic communities. Inspite of the ecological and social costs, the administration argues in favour of the said proposal by highlighting that this very initiative addresses fundamental human rights as a critical welfare priority. Besides, it fulfils the government’s duty to uplift and empower the poor through inclusive housing development. Further, these forest areas have become unsafe due to wild-animal threats and recurring human-wild life conflicts. Lastly, clearing forest-zones may help to curb anti-social elements allegedly using these areas as hideouts, thereby enhancing law and order. (a) Can deforestation be ethically justified in the pursuit of social welfare objectives like, housing for the homeless? (b) What are the socio-economic, administrative and ethical challenges in balancing environmental conservation with human development? (c) What substantial alternatives or policy interventions can be proposed to ensure that both environmental integrity and human dignity are protected? 2025
Vijay was Deputy Commissioner of remote district of Hilly Northern State of the country for the last two years. In the month of August heavy rains lashed the complete state followed by cloud burst in the upper reaches of the said district. The damage was very heavy in the complete state especially in the affected district. The complete road network and telecommunication were disrupted and the buildings were damaged extensively. People’s houses have been destroyed and they were forced to stay in open. More than 200 people have been killed and about 5000 were badly injured. The Civil Administration under Vijay got activated and started conducting rescue and relief operations. Temporary shelter camps and hospitals were established to provide shelter and medical facilities to the homeless and injured people. Helicopter services were pressed in, for evacuating sick and old people from remote areas. Vijay got a message from his hometown in Kerala that his mother was seriously sick. After two days Vijay received the unfortunate message that his mother has expired. Vijay has no close relative except one elder sister who was US citizen and staying there for last several years. In the meantime, the situation in the affected district deteriorated further due to resumption of heavy rains after a gap of five days. At the same time, continuous messages were coming on his mobile from his hometown to reach at the earliest for performing last rites of his mother. (a) What are the options available with Vijay? (b) What are the ethical dilemma being faced by Vijay? (c) Critically evaluate and examine each of these options identified by Vijay. (d) Which of the options, do you think, would be most appropriate for Vijay to adopt and why? 2025
Discipline generally implies following the order and subordination. However, it may be counterproductive for the organisation. Discuss. 2017
Distinguish between ‘Code of ethics’ and ‘Code of conduct’ with suitable examples. 2018
What is meant by conflict of interest? Illustrate with examples, the difference between the actual and potential conflicts of interest. 2018
“The Right to Information Act is not all about citizens’ empowerment alone; it essentially redefines the concept of accountability”. Discuss. 2018
Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications. 2019
“Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption.” Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer. 2019
Explain the basic principles of Citizens charter movement and bring out its importance. 2019
There is a view that the Official Secrets Act is an obstacle to the implementation of Right to Information Act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss. 2019
What do you understand by probity in governance? Based on your understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in Government 2019
Distinguish between laws and rules. Discuss the role of ethics in formulating them. 2020
Whistle-blower, who reports corruption and illegal activities, wrongdoing and misconduct to the concerned authorities, runs the risk of being exposed to grave danger, physical harm and victimization by the vested interests, accused persons and his team. What policy measures would you suggest to strengthen protection mechanism to safeguard the whistle-blower? 2022
Write short notes on the following: i. Constitutional morality ii. Conflict of interest iii. Probity in public life iv. Challenges of digitalization v. Devotion to duty 2022
Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance? 2023
Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development.’ Discuss. 2023
In the context of the work environment, differentiate between ‘coercion’ and ‘undue influence’ with suitable examples. 2023
“Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.” In your opinion, what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society? 2023
‘International aid’ is an accepted form of helping ‘resource-challenged’ nations. Comment on ‘ethics in contemporary international aid’. Support your answer with suitable examples. 2023
Mission Karmayogi is aiming for maintaining a very high standard of conduct and behaviour to ensure efficiency for serving citizens and in turn developing oneself. How will this scheme empower the civil servants in enhancing productive efficiency and delivering the services at the grassroots level? 2024
The ‘Code of Conduct’ and ‘Code of Ethics’ are the sources of guidance in public administration. There is a code of conduct already in operation, whereas code of ethics is not yet put in place. Suggest a suitable model for code of ethics to maintain integrity, probity and transparency in governance. 2024
It is said that for an ethical work culture, there must be code of ethics in place in every organisation. To ensure value-based and compliance-based work culture, what suitable measures would you adopt in your work place? 2025
Conflict of interest in the public sector arises when a) official duties, b) public interest, and c) personal interest – are taking priority one above the other. How can this conflict in administration be resolved? Describe with an example. 2017
Corporate social responsibility makes companies more profitable and sustainable. Analyse. 2017
Suppose the Govt. of India is thinking of constructing a dam in a mountain valley bound by forests and inhabited by ethnic communities. What rational policy should it resort to in dealing with unforeseen contingencies. 2018
What is meant by ‘Crisis of Conscience’? How does it manifest itself in the public domain? 2019
“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” – Mahatma Gandhi. Bring out what this quotation mean to you? 2020
“Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human right violation.” Examine the statement with reference to ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with open society 2021
‘The will to power exists, but it can be tamed and be guided by rationality and principles of moral duty.’ Examine this statement in the context of international relations. 2021
An independent and empowered social audit mechanism is an absolute must in every sphere of public service, including judiciary, to ensure performance, accountability and ethical conduct. Elaborate. 2021
Impact of digital technology as reliable source of input for rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically evaluate with suitable example. 2021
Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with suitable examples. 2021
Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is not rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate. 2022
Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approvals of the competent authority. No doubt, it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and the system at large. Describe and discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online method particularly to the vulnerable section of the society. 2022
In contemporary world, corporate sector’s contribution in generating wealth and employment is increasing. In doing so, they are bringing in unprecedented onslaught on the climate, environmental sustainability and living conditions of human beings. In this background, do you find that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is efficient and sufficient enough to fulfill the social roles and responsibilities need in the corporate world for which the CSR is mandated? Critically examine. 2022
What do you understand by the term ‘good governance’? How far recent initiatives in terms of eGovernance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples. 2022
What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples. 2023
The application of Artificial Intelligence as a dependable source of input for administrative rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view. 2024
“It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it.” In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing the continuation of a number of wars for their own self-interest, all around the world. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today’s international arena to stop the continuation of ongoing conflicts? 2024
Global warming and climate change are the outcomes of human greed in the name of development, indicating the direction in which the extinction of organisms, including human beings is heading towards loss of life on Earth. How do you put an end to this to protect life and bring equilibrium between society and the environment? 2024
“In Indian culture and value system, an equal opportunity has been provided irrespective of gender identity. The number of women in public service has been steadily increasing over the years”. Examine the gender-specific challenges faced by female public servants and suggest suitable measures to increase their efficiency in discharging their duties and maintaining high standards of probity. 2024
“Constitutional morality is not a natural sentiment but a product of civil education and adherance of the rule of law.” Examine the significance of constitutional morality for public servant highlighting the role in promoting good governance and ensuring accountability in public administration. 2025
Carl von Clausewitz once said, “War is a diplomacy by other means.” Critically analyse the above statement in the present context of contemporary geo-political conflict. 2026
Keeping the national security in mind, examine the ethical dilemmas related to controversies over environmental clearance of development projects in ecologically sensitive border areas in the country 2026
India is an emerging economic power of the world as it has recently secured the status of fourth largest economy of the world as per IMF projection. However, it has been or misutilised. What specific measures would you recommend for ensuring accountability in this regard to stop leakages and gaining the status of third largest economy of the world in near future? 2025
“Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them.” – Napolean Bonaparte Stating examples mention the rulers (i) who have harmed society and country, (ii) who worked for the development of society and country 2017
“Falsehood takes the place of truth when it results in unblemished common good” – Tirukkural. Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2018
“Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding.” – Mahatma Gandhi Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2018
“The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject anything, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost everything, especially of governmental policy, is an inseparable compound of the two; so that our best judgement of the preponderance between them is continually demanded.” – Abraham Lincoln. Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2018
“Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world.” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2019
“A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.” – M K Gandhi Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2019
“An unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates. Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2019
“Life doesn’t make any sense without interdependence. We need each other and the sooner we learn that, it is better for us all.”- Erik Erikson. Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2021
“Every work has got to pass through hundreds of difficulties before succeeding. Those that persevere will see the light, sooner or later.” – Swami Vivekananda Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2021
“We can never obtain peace in the outer world until and unless we obtain peace within ourselves.” – Dalai Lama Bring out what it means to you in the present context? 2021
Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What does each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? a. “The simplest acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a thousand heads bowing in prayer.” – Mahatma Gandhi b. “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves.” – Jawaharlal Nehru c. “Do not hate anybody, because that hatred that comes out from you must, in the long run, come back to you. If you love, that love will come back to you, completing the circle.” – Swami Vivekanand 2023
Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? a. “Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it, do not become others.” — Swami Vivekananda b. “Faith is of no avail in the absence of strength. Faith and strength, both are essential to accomplish any great work.” — Sardar Patel c. “In law, a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics, he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so.” — Immanuel Kant 2024
Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? (a) “Those who in trouble untroubled are, Will trouble trouble itself.” – Thiruvalluvar (b) “The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes.” – William James (c) “The strength of a society is not in its laws, but in the morality of its people.” – Swami Vivekananda 2025
“In doing a good thing, everything is permitted which is not prohibited expressly or by clear implication”. Examine statement with suitable examples in the context of a public servant discharging his/her duties. 2018
What does this quotation mean to you in the present context: “Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding?” Mahatma Gandhi. 2018
“Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss. 2019
What are the main components of emotional intelligence (EI)? Can they be learned? Discuss. 2020
In case of crisis of conscience does emotional intelligence help to overcome the same without compromising the ethical or moral stand that you are likely to follow? Critically examine. 2021
Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning’ with suitable examples. 2023
What really matters for success, character, happiness and lifelong achievements is a definite set of emotional skills – your EQ- not just purely cognitive abilities that are measured by conventional IQ tests.” Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. 2023
“For any kind of social re-engineering by successfully implementing welfare schemes, a civil servant must use reason and critical thinking in an ethical framework.” Justify this statement with suitable examples. 2025
To achieve holistic development goal, a civil servant acts as an enabler and active facilitator of growth rather than a regulator. What specific measures will you suggest to achieve this goal? 2025
One of the tests of integrity is complete refusal to be compromised. Explain with reference to a real-life example. 2017
Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil service: a) Transparency b) Accountability c) Fairness and justice d) Courage of conviction e) Spirit of service. 2017
What is meant by public interest? What are the principles and procedures to be followed by the civil servants in public interest? 2018
“In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other two will kill you.” – Warren Buffet. What do you understand by this statement in the present-day scenario? Explain. 2018
What do you understand by the term ‘Public servant’? Reflect on the expected role of public servant. 2019
Identify five ethical traits on which one can plot the performance of a civil servant. Justify their inclusion in the matrix. 2021
Identify ten essential values that are needed to be an effective public servant. Describe the ways and means to prevent non-ethical behaviour in the public servants. 2021
“Integrity is a value that empowers the human being.” Justify with suitable illustration. 2021
Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations. 2022
“Mindless addiction to form, ignoring the substance of the matter, results in rendering of injustice. A perceptive civil servant is one who ignores such literalness and carries out true intent”. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations. 2024
“The concept of Just and Unjust is contextual. What was just a year back may turn out to be unjust in today’s context. Changing context should be constantly under scrutiny to prevent miscarriage of justice”. Examine the above statement with suitable examples. 2024
Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. 2017
What is meant by the term ‘constitutional morality’? How does one uphold constitutional morality? 2019
What does this quotation mean to you? “A system of morality which is based on relative emotional values is a mere illusion, a thoroughly vulgar conception which has nothing sound in it and nothing true.” – Socrates. 2018
A positive attitude is considered to be an essential characteristic of a civil servant which is often required to function under extreme stress. What contributes to a positive attitude in a person? 2020
Should impartial and being non-partisan be considered as indispensable qualities to make a successful civil servant? Discuss with illustrations. 2021
Attitude is an important component that goes as input in the development of human being. How to build a suitable attitude needed for a public servant? 2021
The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, whereas negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations. 2022
“Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it” – Dalai Lama 2022
“One who is devoted to one’s duty attains highest perfection in life.” Analyse this statement with reference to sense of responsibility and personal fulfilment as a civil servant. 2025
“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are father, the mother and the teacher.” – A P J Abdul Kalam. Analyse. 2017
Without commonly shared and widely entrenched moral values and obligations, neither the law, nor democratic government, nor even the market economy will function properly. What do you understand by this statement? Explain with illustration in the contemporary times 2017
The crisis of ethical values in modern times is traced to a narrow perception of the good life. Discuss. 2017
With regard to the morality of actions, one view is that means are of paramount importance and the other view is that the ends justify the means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your answer 2018
‘The current internet expansion has instilled a different set of cultural values which are often in conflict with traditional values.’ Discuss. 2020
What are the main factors responsible for gender inequality in India? Discuss the contribution of Savitribai Phule in this regard. 2020
“Education is not an injunction, it is an effective and pervasive tool for all round development of an individual and social transformation”. Examine the New Education Policy, 2020 in light of the above statement. 2020
‘Hatred is destructive of a person’s wisdom and conscience that can poison a nation’s spirit.’ Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer. 2020
Discuss the role of ethics and values in enhancing the following three major components of Comprehensive National Power (CNP) viz. human capital, soft power (culture and policies) and social harmony. 2020
“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel that there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are father, mother and teacher.” 2022
“Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do.” – Potter Stewart 2022
Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making ? Discuss. 2023
The soul of the new law, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) is Justice, Equality and Impartiality based on Indian culture and ethos. Discuss this in the light of the major shift from a doctrine of punishment to justice in the present judicial system. 2024
“Ethics encompasses several key dimensions that are crucial in guiding individuals and organizations towards morally responsible behaviour”. Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human actions. Discuss how these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in the professional context 2024
In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard. 2025
What are the major teachings of Mahavir? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world. 2025
Why is maritime security vital to protect India’s sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
India has a long and troubled border with China and Pakistan fraught with contentious issues. Examine the conflict issues and security challenges along the border. Also give out the development being undertaken in these areas under the Border Area Development Programme (BADP) and Border Infrastructure and Management (BIM) Scheme. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunition, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
What are the major challenges to internal security and the peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the government in this respect as part of this conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the countermeasures adopted by the State? Explain. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Social media and encrypting messaging services pose a serious security challenge. What measures have been adopted at various levels to address the security implications of social media? Also suggest any other remedies to address the problem. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Give out major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the ‘No Money for Terror (NMFT)’ conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
What is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater. What are the alternative technologies which can solve this crisis? Briefly discuss any three such technologies citing their key merits and demerits. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
What is the technology employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are its advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transition carry any potential hazards? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to the privacy of the individual in the use of AI in healthcare? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized, explain the reasons behind this less commercialization. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
What role do environmental NGOs and activists play in influencing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) outcomes for major projects in India? Cite four examples with all important details. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened at COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted by India been updated in 2022? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Industrial pollution of river water is a significant environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this problem and also the government’s initiatives in this regard. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few of India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar sites. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
What is the need for expanding regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN Scheme and its achievements. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
State the objective and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how the land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered an effective reform under economic criteria. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Elaborate the scope and significance of supply ch2025ain management of agricultural commodities in India. Marks: 10 | Words2025: 150 2025
Elucidate the importance of buffer stocks for stabilizing agricultural prices in India. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to the farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Explain the factors influencing the decision of farmers on the selection of high-value crops in India. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
What are the major challenges faced by the Indian irrigation system in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far in this regard? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Explain the role of millets for ensuring health and nutritional security in India. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
How does E-Technology help farmers in the production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post reforms period in India. To what extent has this been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
What are the causes of persistent high food inflation in India? Comment on the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the RBI to control this type of inflation. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can the care economy be brought into the monetized economy through women empowerment? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Faster economic growth requires an increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Mineral resources are fundamental to the country’s economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazards due to mining Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Flooding in urban areas is an emerging climate-induced disaster. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major floods in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such floods. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also, mention the global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015 – 2030). Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
What are asteroids? How real is the threat of them causing the extinction of life? What strategies have been developed to prevent such a catastrophe? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one meter by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures. Give two examples of large dam failures. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Inequality in the ownership pattern of resources is one of the major causes of poverty. Discuss in the context of the “paradox of poverty”. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Poverty and malnutrition create a vicious cycle, adversely affecting human capital formation. What steps can be taken to break the cycle? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Women’s social capital complements in advancing empowerment and gender equity. Explain. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system, the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketization of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
What are the aims and objectives of the recently passed and enforced The Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024? Whether University/State Education Board examinations, too, are covered under the Act? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Skill development programmes have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill, and employment. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resources Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has to address the challenges faced by children in the digital era. Examine the existing policies and suggest measures the Commission can initiate to tackle the issue. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
“Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by their nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
“In contemporary development models, decision-making and problem-solving responsibilities are not located close to the source of information and execution, defeating the objectives of development.” Critically evaluate. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Public charitable trusts have the potential to make India’s development more inclusive as they relate to certain vital public issues. Comment. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Discuss the contribution of civil so2023ciety groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
“The Attorney General of India plays a crucial role in guiding the legal framework of the Union Government and ensuring sound governance through legal counsel.” Discuss his responsibilities, rights and limitations in this regard. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
“The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.” Comment. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates, disproportionate to their known sources of income, would constitute ‘undue influence’ and consequently a corrupt practice. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Discuss the procedure to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of Parliament or State Legislature under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to case laws. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2022
“There is a need for simplification of the procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act.” Comment. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2020
On what grounds can a people’s representative be disqualified under the Representation of People Act, 1951? Also, mention the remedies available to such a person against his disqualification.Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2019
In light of the recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of elections in India? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2018
To enhance the quality of democracy in India, the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2017
What are environmental pressure groups? Discuss their role in raising awareness, influencing policies and advocating for environmental protection in India. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Discuss the evolution of the collegium system in India. Critically examine the advantages and disadvantages of the system of appointment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India and that of the USA. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
“Constitutional morality is the fulcrum which acts as an essential check upon the high functionaries and citizens alike….” In view of the above observation of the Supreme Court, explain the concept of constitutional morality and its application to ensure balance between judicial independence and judicial accountability in India. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Civil Society Organizations are often perceived as being anti-State actors than non-State actors. Do you agree? Justify. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to the “one nation one election” principle. Marks: 10 | Words: 150. 2024
Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
The Indian Constitution has conferred the amending power on the ordinary legislative institutions with a few procedural hurdles. In view of this statement, examine the procedural and substantive limitations on the amending power of Parliament to change the Constitution. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Discuss the nature of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
“The growth of the cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalization of parliamentary supremacy.” Elucidate. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalization of the Indian Parliament? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Discuss the role of presiding officers in legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Compare and contrast the President’s power to pardon in India and in the USA. Are there any limits to it in both the countries? What are ‘preemptive pardons’? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Discuss India as a secular state and compare it with the secular principles of the US Constitution. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to parliamentary sovereignty. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats and Arbitration Tribunals. Do they entertain civil as well as criminal cases? Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Examine the evolving pattern of Centre–State financial relations in the context of planned development in India. How far have the recent reforms impacted fiscal federalism in India? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
Comment on the need of administrative tribunals as compared to the court system. Assess the impact of the recent tribunal reforms through rationalization of tribunals made in 2021. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build trust between the Centre and the States and for strengthening federalism. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at the local level and bring out the pros and cons of merging the rural bodies with urban local bodies. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
“The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. Explain. In this reference, discuss the law relating to DNA testing of a child in the womb to establish its paternity. | Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since the mid-1990s. | Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
Explain the constitutional provisions of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws. | Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
“The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. | Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
‘Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy.” Comment. | Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
“The reform process in the United Nations remains unresolved because of the delicate imbalance of East and West and the entanglement of the USA vs. Russo-Chinese alliance.” Examine and critically evaluate the East–West policy confrontations in this regard. (Answer in 250 words) 2025
Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security. Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
‘Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos.’ Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
The Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
“With the waning of globalization, the post-Cold War world is becoming a site of sovereign nationalism.” Elucidate. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
“The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China’s supply chain and as a strategic ally to counter Ch2024ina’s political and economic dominance.” Explain this statement with examples. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
“Energy security constitutes the dominant kingpin of India’s foreign policy and is linked with India’s overarching influence in Middle Eastern countries.” How would you integrate energy security with India’s foreign policy trajectories in the coming years? Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2025
India–Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
Critically analyze India’s evolving diplomatic, economic, and strategic relations with the Central Asian Republics (CARs), highlighting their increasing significance in regional and global geopolitics. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
‘The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well for India.’ What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2023
The virus of conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO. In light of the above statement, point out the role of India in mitigating the problems. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Maldives for India, focusing on global trade and energy flows. Further, discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss. Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2024
The Citizens’ charter has been a landmark initiative in ensuring citizen-centric administration. But it is yet to reach its full potential. Identify the factors hindering the realization of its promise and suggest measures to overcome them. Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
e-Governance projects have a built-in bias towards technology and back-end integration than user-centric designs. Examine. | Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2025
E-Governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in the service delivery process. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context, evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e- governance.| Marks: 15 | Words: 250 2024
E-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features? | Marks: 10 | Words: 150 2023
How do pressure groups influence the Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as more powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years? (150 words) 2017
The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
Trace India’s consolidation process during the early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education, and international relations. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Mahatma Jotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
What were the events that led to the Quit India Movement? Point out its results. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
How did colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to colonial oppression? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
The ethos of civil service in India stands for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness. Elucidate. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and rehabilitation? Give your opinion. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
Discuss the impact of the post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Discuss in the light of conditions in developing countries. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India. Comment. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
How does Smart City in India address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
In dealing with socio-economic issues of development, what kind of collaboration between government, NGOs and the private sector would be most productive? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
What is the concept of a demographic winter? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Population and associated issues What is the concept of a demographic winter? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Distinguish between gender equality, gender equity and women’s empowerment. Why is it important to take gender concerns into account in programme design and implementation? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
How do you account for the growing fast-food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society? Illustrate your answer with the Indian experience. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Do you think that globalization results in only an aggressive consumer culture? Justify your answer. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Critically analyze the proposition that there is a high correlation between India’s cultural diversities and socio-economic marginalities. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
Inter-caste marriages between castes which have socio-economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of inter-religious marriages. Discuss. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
What are Tsunamis? How and where are they formed? What are their consequences? Explain with examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations? Discuss with examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
Identify and discuss the factors responsible for the diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rainforest regions of India. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Why is the Southwest Monsoon called Purvaiya in the Bhojpur region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Discuss the consequences of climate change on food security in tropical countries. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
What are non-farm primary activities? How are these activities related to physiographic features in India? Discuss with suitable examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
The groundwater potential of the Gangetic Valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
From being a net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil, and water resources. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2025
What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
What are Aurora Australis and Aurora Borealis? How are these triggered? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
What is the phenomenon of ‘cloudbursts’? Explain. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
What is sea surface temperature rise? How does it affect the formation of tropical cyclones? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
How are fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
What are the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence Indian society? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2023
Underline the changes in the field of society and economy from the Rig Vedic to the Later Vedic period. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2024
Features What are the main features of the Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2023
Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
“The sculptors filled the Chandella art form with resilient vigor and breadth of life.” Elucidate. (10 Marks, 150 Words) 2025
“Though the great Cholas are no more, yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture.” Comment. (15 Marks, 250 Words) 2024
Whistle blower, who reports corruption and illegal activities, wrongdoing and misconduct to the concerned authorities, runs the risk of being exposed to grave danger, physical harm and victimization by the vested interests, accused persons and his team. What policy measures would you suggest to strengthen protection mechanism to safeguard the whistle blower? 2022
“Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of corruption”. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer. 2019
“Corruption causes misuse of government treasury, administrative inefficiency and obstruction in the path of national development.” Discuss Kautilya’s views. 2016
It is often said that poverty leads to corruption. However, there is no dearth of instances where affluent and powerful people indulge in corruption in a big way. What are the basic causes of corruption among people? Support your answer with examples. 2014
Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approvals of the competent authority. No doubt it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and system at large. Describe and discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online method particularly to vulnerable section of society. 2022
Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate. 2022
Impact of digital technology as a reliable source of input for rational decision making is debatable issue. Critically evaluate with a suitable example. 2021
Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications. 2019
Explain the basic principles of citizens charter movement and bring out its importance. 2019
Distinguish between “Code of ethics” and “Code of conduct” with suitable examples. 2018
Discuss the Public Services Code as recommended by the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission. 2016
An independent and empowered social audit mechanism is an absolute must in every sphere of public service, including the judiciary, to ensure performance, accountability and ethical conduct. Elaborate. 2021
There is a view that the Official Secrets Act is an obstacle to the implementation of Right to Information Act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss. 2019
“The Right to Information Act is not all about citizens’ empowerment alone, it essentially redefines the concept of accountability.” Discuss 2018
Today we find that in spite of various measures like prescribing codes of conduct, setting up vigilance cells/commissions, RTI, active media and strengthening of legal mechanisms, corrupt practices are not coming under control. (a) Evaluate the effectiveness of these measures with justifications. 2015
‘Probity is essential for an effective system of government and socio-economic development.’ Discuss. 2023
What do you understand by term ‘good governance’? How far recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples. 2022
What do you understand by the term ‘public servant’? Reflect on the expected role of public servant. 2019
What do you understand by probity in governance? Based on your understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in government. 2019
“The true rule, in determining to embrace, or reject any thing, is not whether it has any evil in it; but whether it has more evil than good. There are few things wholly evil or wholly good. Almost every thing, especially of government policy, is an inseparable compound of the two; so that our best judgment of the preponderance between them is continually demanded.” – Abraham Lincoln. 2018
What do you understand by the term ‘voice of conscience’? How do you prepare yourself to heed to the voice of conscience?
What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’? Narrate one incident in your life when you were faced with such a crisis and how you resolved the same.
What do you understand by the terms ‘governance’, ‘good governance’ and ‘ethical governance’? 2016
What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples. 2023
In contemporary world, corporate sector’s contribution in generating wealth and employment is increasing. In doing so, they are bringing in unprecedented onslaught on the climate, environmental sustainability and living conditions of human beings. In this background, do you Responsibility (CSR) is efficient and sufficient enough to fulfill the social roles and responsibilities needed in the corporate work mandated? Critically examine. 2022
Corporate social responsibility makes companies more profitable and sustainable. Analyse. 2017
What is meant by ‘environmental ethics’? Why is it important to study? Discuss any one environmental issue from the viewpoint of environmental ethics. 2015
‘International aid’ is an accepted form of helping ‘resource-challenged’ nations. Comment on ‘ethics in contemporary international aid; Support your answer with suitable examples. 2023
Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affair. 2022
“Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human right violation.” Examine the statement with reference to ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with open society. 2021
“The will to power exists, but it can be tamed and be guided by rationality and principles of moral duty.’ Examine this statement in the context of international relations. 2020
Strength, peace and security are considered to be the pillars of international relations. Elucidate. 2017
At the international level, the bilateral relations between most nations are governed on the policy of promoting one’s own national interest without any regard for the interest of other nations. This leads to conflicts and tensions between the nations. How can ethical consideration help resolve such tensions? Discuss with specific examples. 2015
Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning’ with suitable examples. 2023
What is meant by public interest? What are the principles and procedures to be followed by civil servants in public interest? 2018
Some recent developments such as introduction of RTI Act, media and judicial activism, etc., are proving helpful in bringing about greater transparency and accountability in the functioning of the government. However, it is also being observed that at times the mechanisms are misused. Another negative effect is that the officers are now afraid to take prompt decisions. Analyze this situation in detail and suggest how this dichotomy can be resolved. Suggest how these negative impacts can be minimized. 2015
There is a heavy ethical responsibility on the public servants because they Occupy positions of power, handle huge amounts of public funds, and their decisions have wide-ranging impact on society and environment. What steps have you taken to improve your ethical competence to handle such responsibility? 2014
Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision-making? Discuss. 2023
What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’? How does it manifest itself in the public domain? 2019
Distinguish between laws and rules. Discuss the role of ethics in formulating them 2020
“In doing a good thing, everything is permitted which is not prohibited expressly or by clear implication.” Examine the statement with suitable examples in the context of a public servant discharging his/her duties. 2018
Law and Ethics are considered to be the two tools for controlling human conduct so as to make it conducive to civilized social existence. (a) Discuss how they achieve this objective. 2016
“A mere compliance with law is not enough, the public servant also has to have a well-developed sensibility to ethical issues for effective discharge of duties.” Do you agree? Explain with the help of two examples, where (i) an act is ethically right, but not legally and (ii) an act is legally right, but not ethically. 2015
Suppose the Government of India is thinking of constructing a dam in a mountain valley bound by forests and inhabited by ethnic communities. What rational policy should it resort to in dealing with unforeseen contingencies? 2018
Explain the process of resolving ethical dilemmas in Public Administration. 2018
Conflict of interest in the public sector arises when(a) official duties,(b) public interest, and(c) personal interestare taking priority one above the other. How can this conflict in administration be resolved? Describe with an example. 2017
Public servants are likely to confront with the issues of ‘Conflict of Interest’. What do you understand by the term ‘Conflict of Interest’ and how does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? If faced with the conflict of interest situation, how would you resolve it? Explain with the help of examples. 2015
What are the main factors responsible for gender inequality in India? Discuss the contribution of Savitribai Phule in this regard. 2020
We are witnessing increasing instances of sexual violence against women in the country. Despite existing legal provisions against it, the number of such incidences is on the rise. Suggest some innovative measures to tackle this menace. 2014
What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world. 2023
Given below are three quotation of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context? ‘‘The simplest acts of kindness are by far more powerful than a thousand heads bowing in prayer’’. –Mahatma Gandhi ‘‘To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves.’’ –Jawharlal Nahru ‘‘Do not hate anybody, because that hatred that comes out from you must, in the long run, come back to you. If you love, that love will come back to you, completing the circle.’’ Swami Vivekananda 2023
“I count him braver who overcomes his desires than him who overcomes his enemies.” – Aristotle
“Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it.” Dalai Lama. 2022
“We can never obtain peace in the outer world until and unless we obtain peace within ourselves.” Dalai Lama 2021
What does each of the following quotations mean to you? (a) “Every work has got to pass through hundreds of difficulties before succeeding. Those that persevere will see the light, sooner or later.- Swami Vivekananda 2021
“The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” – Mahatma Gandhi 2020
What teachings of Buddha are most relevant today and why? Discuss. 2020
“Condemn none: if you can stretch out a helping hand, do so. If not, fold your hands, bless your brothers, and let them go their own way.” – Swami Vivekanand 2020
“An unexamined life is not worth living”. – Socrates 2019
Analyse John Rawls’s concept of social justice in the Indian context. 2016
Discuss Mahatma Gandhi’s Concept of seven sin. 2016
Given are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context: “The weak can never forgive; forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.” “We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.” 2015
Which eminent personality has inspired you the most in the context of ethical conduct in life? Give the gist of his/her teachings. Giving specific examples, describe how you have been able to apply these teachings for your own ethical development. 2014
‘‘What really matters for success, character, happiness and lifelong achievements is a definite set of emotional skills – your EQ – not just purely cognitive abilities that are measured by conventional IQ tests.’’ Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. 2023
In case of crisis of conscience does emotional intelligence help to overcome the same without compromising the ethical or moral stand that you are likely to follow? Critically examine. 2021
“A system of morality which is based on relative emotional values is a mere illusion, a thoroughly vulgar conception which has nothing sound in it and nothing true.” – Socrates 2020
“Hatred is destructive of a person’s wisdom and conscience that can poison a nation’s spirit.’ Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer. 2020
What are the main components of emotional intelligence (EI)? Can they be learned? Discuss. 2020
“Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you”. Do you agree with this view? Discuss. (150 words) 2019
“Anger and intolerance are the enemies of correct understanding.” – Mahatma Gandhi. 2018
How will you apply emotional intelligence in administrative practices? 2017
Anger is a harmful negative emotion. It is injurious to both personal life and work life. (a) Discuss how it leads to negative emotions and undesirable behaviours. (b) How can it be managed and controlled? 2016
What is ‘emotional intelligence’ and how can it be developed in people? How does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions? 2013
Write short notes on the following in 30 words each: Constitutional morality Conflict of interest Probity in public life Challenges of digitalization Devotion to duty 2022
Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations. 2022
“Integrity is a value that empowers the human being.” Justify with suitable illustration. 2021
Should impartial and being non-partisan be considered as indispensable qualities to make a successful civil servant? Discuss with illustrations. 2021
Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with a suitable example. 2021
Identify ten essential values that are needed to be an effective public servant. Describe the /ways and means to prevent non-ethical behaviour in public servants. 2021
Identify five ethical traits on which one can plot the performance of a civil servant. Justify their inclusion in the matrix. 2021
What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three of these with suitable examples. 2020
State the three basic values, universal in nature, in the context of civil services and bring out their importance. 2018
One of the tests of integrity is complete refusal to be compromised. Explain with reference to a real life example. 2017
Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil service:(a) Transparency (b) Accountability (c) Fairness and Justice (d) Courage of Conviction (e) Spirit of service 2017
Discipline generally implies following the order and subordination. However, it may be counter-productive for the organisation. Discuss. 2017
“Max Weber said that it is not wise to apply to public administration the sort of moral and ethical norms we apply to matters of personal conscience. It is important to realize that the state bureaucracy might possess its own independent bureaucratic morality.” Critically analyse this statement. 2016
Why should impartiality and non-partisanship be considered as foundational values in public services, especially in the present day socio-political context? Illustrate your answer with examples. 2016
How can such undesirable attitudes be changed and socioethical values considered necessary in public services be cultivated in the aspiring and serving civil servants? 2016
How do the virtues of trustworthiness and fortitude get manifested in public service? Explain with examples. 2015
What do you understand by ‘probity’ in public life? What are the difficulties in practicing it in the present times? How can these difficulties be overcome? 2014
What does ‘accountability’ mean in the context of public service? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants? 2014
In the context of defence services, ‘patriotism’ demands readiness to even lay down one’s life in protecting the nation. According to you, what does patriotism imply in everyday civil life? Explain with illustrations and justify your answer. 2014
“Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.” What do you understand by this statement? Explain your stand with illustrations from the modern context. 2014
What do you understand by the following terms in the context of public service? Integrity, Perseverance, Spirit of Service, Commitment, Courage of Conviction Indicate two more attributes which you consider important for public service. Justify your answer. 2013
The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, whereas negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations. (Answer in 150 words) 10 2022
Attitude is an important component that goes as input in the development of humans. How to build a suitable needed for a public servant? (150 words – 10 marks) 2021
A positive attitude is considered to be an essential characteristic of a civil servant who is often required to function under extreme stress. What contributes to a positive attitude in a person? 2020
“Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is peace in the world” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (150 words) 2019
“A man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.” – M.K. Gandhi. 2019
Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. 2017
How could social influence and persuasion contribute to the success of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan? 2016
Two different kinds of attitudes exhibited by public servants towards their work have been identified as the bureaucratic attitude and the democratic attitude. Distinguish between these two terms and write their merits and demerits, Suggest more effective strategies to tackle this menace. Is it possible to balance the two to create a better administration for the faster development of our country? 2015
“Social values are more important than economic values.” Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation. 2015
What factors affect the formation of a person’s attitude towards social problems? In our society, contrasting attitudes are prevalent about many social problems. What contrasting attitudes do you notice about the caste system in our society? How do you explain the existence of these contrasting attitudes? 2014
The current society is plagued with widespread trust-deficit. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can you do at the personal level to make yourself trustworthy? 2014
Education is not an injunction, it is an effective and pervasive tool for all round development of an individual and social transformation”. Examine the New Education Policy, 2020 (NEP, 2020) in light of the above statement. 2020
Our attitudes towards life, work, other people and society are generally shaped unconsciously by the family and the social surroundings in which we grow up. Some of these unconsciously acquired attitudes and values are often undesirable in the citizens of a modern democratic and egalitarian society. Discuss such undesirable values prevalent in Today’s educated Indians. How can such undesirable attitudes be changed and socio-ethical values considered necessary in public services be cultivated in the aspiring and serving civil servants? 2016
“Nearly all men can withstand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.” – Abraham Lincoln.
“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher.” – Abdul Kalam. 2022
“In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence and energy. And if they do not have the first, the other two will kill you.” —Warren Buffet….What do you understand by this statement in the present-day scenario? Explain. 2018
“There is enough on this earth for every one’s need but for no one’s greed.” – Mahatma Gandhi
Stating examples mention the rulers (i) who have harmed society and country, (ii) who worked for the development of society and country. 2017
“Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them.” – Napoleon Bonaparte. 2017
“If a country is to be corruption free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are the father, the mother and the teacher.” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Analyse. 2017
‘‘Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.’’ In Your opinion what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society? 2023
“The current internet expansion has instilled a different set of cultural values which are often in conflict with traditional values.’ Discuss. 2020
Increased national wealth did not result in equitable distribution of its benefits. It has created only some “enclaves of modernity and prosperity for a small minority at the cost of the majority.” Justify. 2017
Some people feel that values keep changing with time and situation, while others strongly believe that there are certain universal and eternal human values. Give your perception in this regard with due justification. 2013
Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have the right to do and what is right to do.’-Potter Stewart. 2022
It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day-to-day functioning? 2022
Life doesn’t make any sense without interdependence. We need each other, and the sooner we learn that, it is better for us all.” -Erik Erikson 2021
Discuss the role of ethics and values in enhancing the following three major components of Comprehensive National Power (CNP) viz. human capital, soft power (culture and policies) and social harmony. 2020
What is meant by the term ‘constitutional morality’? How does one uphold constitutional morality? 2019
“Falsehood takes the place of truth when it results in unblemished common good.” – Tirukkural 2018
With regard to morality of actions, one view is that means are of paramount importance and the other view is that the ends justify the means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your answer. 2018
What is meant by conflict of interest? Illustrate with examples, the difference between the actual and potential conflicts of interest. 2018
Without commonly shared and widely entrenched moral values and obligations, neither the law, nor democratic government, nor even the market economy will function properly. What do you understand by this statement? Explain with illustration in the contemporary times. 2017
The crisis of ethical values in modern times is traced to a narrow perception of the good life. Discuss. 2017
Explain how ethics contributes to social and human well-being. 2016
What is meant by ‘environmental ethics’? Why is it important to study? Discuss any one environmental issue from the viewpoint of environmental ethics. 2015
Differentiate between the following: Law and Ethics, Ethical management and Management of ethics, Discrimination and Preferential treatment, Personal ethics and Professional ethics 2015
The current society is plagued with widespread trust-deficit. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can you do at the personal level to make yourself trustworthy? 2014
What does ethics seek to promote in human life? Why is it all the more important in public administration? 2014
“Human beings should always be treated as ‘ends’ in themselves and never as merely `means’.” Explain the meaning and significance of this statement, giving its implications in the modern techno-economic society. 2014
All human beings aspire for happiness. Do you agree? What does happiness mean to you? Explain with examples. 2014
“The good of an individual is contained in the good of all.” what do you understand by this statement? How can this principle be implemented in public life? 2013
It is often said that ‘politics’ and ‘ethics do not go together. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. 2013
What do you understand by ‘Values’ and ‘Ethics’? In what way is it important to be ethical along with being professionally competent? Explain with examples. 2013
Human rights activists constantly highlight the view that the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is a draconian act leading to cases of human rights abuses by the security forces. What sections of AFSPA are opposed by the activists? Critically evaluate the requirement with reference to the view held by the Apex Court. 2014
Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels. 2022
Analyse the complexity and intensity of terrorism, its causes, linkages and obnoxious nexus. Also, suggest measures required to be taken to eradicate the menace of terrorism. 2021
The banning of ‘Jamaat-e – islaami’ in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organizations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organizations in insurgency affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralize the influence of OGWs 2019
The Indian government has recently strengthened the anti-terrorism laws by amending the unlawful activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), 1967 and the NIA Act. Analyze the changes in the context of prevailing security environment while discussing the scope and reasons for opposing the UAPA by human rights organizations. 2018
The scourge of terrorism is a grave challenge to national security. What solutions do you suggest to curb this growing menace? What are the major sources of terrorist funding? 2017
“Terrorism is emerging as a competitive industry over the last few decades.” Analyse the above statement. 2015
The diverse nature of India as a multireligious and multi-ethnic society is not immune to the impact of radicalism which has been in her neighbourhood. Discuss along with the strategies to be adopted to counter this environment. 2014
Religious indoctrination via digital media has resulted in Indian youth joining the ISIS. What is ISIS and its mission? How can ISIS be dangerous for the internal security of our country? 2014
In 2012, the longitudinal marking of the high-risk areas for piracy was moved from 65° East to 78° east in the Arabian Sea by the International Maritime organisation. What impact does this have on India’s maritime security concerns? 2014
Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels. 2021
India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium-growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Explain the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking. What counter-measures should be taken to prevent the same? 2017
Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace? 2013
Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues gest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. 2022
What are the determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern part of India? What strategy should Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? 2020
Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Briefly explain the Government of India’s approach to counter the challenges posed by LWE. 2017
The north-eastern region of India has been infested with insurgency for a very long time. Analyze the major reasons for the survival of armed insurgency in this region. 2016
The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements with Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the left wing extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth. 2015
Article 244 of Indian Constitution relates to Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism. 2013
What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organisational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the maritime security. 2022
Analyse the multidimensıonal challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal security of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. 2021
Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable examples, analyze the causes and consequences of such violence. 2017
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is viewed as a cardinal subset of China’s larger ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative. Give a brief description of CPEC and enumerate the reasons why India has distanced itself from the same. 2017
The terms ‘Hot Pursuit’ and ‘Surgical Strikes’ are often used in connection with armed action against terrorist attacks. Discuss the strategic impact of such actions. 2016
China and Pakistan have entered into an agreement for development of an economic corridor. What thread does it dispose for India’s security? Critically examine. 2013
What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. 2022
Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyse the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. 2021
Discuss different types of cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. 2020
What is the CyberDome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India. 2018
Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitalized world due to rising cyber crimes. The justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weakness of the report relating to protection of personal data in cyber space? 2017
Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it. 2016
Discuss the advantage and security implications of cloud hosting of server vis-a- vis in-house machine-based hosting for government businesses. 2015
Use of Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major concern. How have these have misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. 2015
Considering the threats cyberspace poses for the country, India needs a “Digital Armed Force” to prevent crimes. Critically evaluate the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 outlining the challenges perceived in its effective implementation. 2014
Cyber warfare is considered by some defense analysts to be a larger threat than even Al Qaeda or terrorism. What do you understand by Cyber warfare? Outline the cyber threats which India is vulnerable to and bring out the state of the country’s preparedness to deal with the same. 2013
What are social networking site and what security implications do these sites present? 2013
What is digital signature? What does its authentication mean? Giver various salient built in features of a digital signature. 2013
For effective border area management, discuss the steps required to be taken to deny local support to militants and also suggest ways to manage favourable perception among locals 2020
Analyse internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. 2020
Cross-border movement of insurgents is only one of the several security challenges facing the policing of the border in North-East India. Examine the various challenges currently emanating across the India-Myanmar border. Also, discuss the steps to counter the challenges. 2018
Border management is a complex task due to difficult terrain and hostile relations with some countries. Elucidate the challenges and strategies for effective border management. 2015
How illegal transborder migration does pose a threat to India’s security? Discuss the strategies to curb this, bring out the factors which give impetus to such migration. 2014
International civil aviation laws provide all countries complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above the territory. What do you understand by airspace? What are the implications of these laws on the space above this airspace? Discuss the challenges which this poses and suggests ways to contain the threat. 2014
How far are India’s internal security challenges linked with border management, particularly in view of the long porous borders with most countries of South Asia and Myanmar? 2013
What do you understand by Fixed Dose Drug Combinations (FDCs)? Discuss their merits and demerits. 2013
Can overuse and free availability of antibiotics without Doctor’s prescription, be contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. 2014
Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety of medical conditions including Leukaemia, Thalassemia, damaged cornea and several burns. Describe briefly what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments? 2017
Why is there so much activity in the field of biotechnology in our country? How has this activity benefitted the field of biopharma? 2018
How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? 2020
What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology/? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of society? (250 words – 15 marks) 2021
What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines? 2022
Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage. 2023
Launched on 25th December, 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes ? What are the key goals of this mission ? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? 2022
What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme? 2019
India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbitter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Explain critically. 2017
Discuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development? 2016
What do you understand by ‘Standard Positioning Systems’ and ‘Protection Positioning Systems’ in the GPS era? Discuss the advantages India perceives from its ambitious IRNSS programme employing just seven satellites. 2014
How is the government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies? 2018
India’s Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) which has a database containing formatted information on more than 2 million medicinal formulations is proving a powerful weapon in the country’s fight against erroneous patents. Discuss the pros and cons making this database publicly available under open-source licensing. 2014
Bring out the circumstances in 2005 which forced amendment to section 3(d) in the Indian Patent Law, 1970. Discuss how it has been utilized by Supreme court in its judgment rejecting Novartis patent application for “Glivec”. Discuss briefly the pros and cons of the decision. 2013
In a globalised world, intellectual property rights assume significance and are a source of litigation. Broadly distinguish between the terms – copyrights, patents and trade secrets. 2013
How is S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the world? 2021
The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2014 was jointly awarded to Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura for the invention of Blue LEDs in 1990s. How has this invention impacted the everyday life of human beings? 2021
What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology/? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of society? 2021
What do you understand by nanotechnology and how is it helping in health sector? 2020
Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to the conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose? 2020
Give an account of the growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India. What is the advantage of fast breeder reactor programme in India? 2016
Why is nanotechnology one of the key technologies of the 21st century? Describe the salient features of Indian Government’s Mission on Nanoscience and Technology and the scope of its application in the development process of the country. 2015
What are the areas of prohibitive labour that can be sustainably managed by robots? Discuss the initiatives that can propel research in premier research institutes for substantive and gainful innovation 2014
How does the 3D printing technology work? List out the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. 2013
What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines? 2022
Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon dioxide, water and other end products? 2022
COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented devastation worldwide. However, technological advancements are being availed readily to win over the crisis. Give an account of how technology was sought to aid management of the pandemic. 2020
How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? 2020
Can overuse and the availability of antibiotics without doctor’s prescription, the contributors to the emergence of drug-resistant diseases in India? What are the available mechanisms for monitoring and control? Critically discuss the various issues involved. 2013
What do you understand by fixed dose drug combinations (FDCs)? Discuss their merits and demerits. 2013
What do you understand by Umpire decision review in cricket? Discuss its various components. Explain how silicon tape on the edge of a bat may fool the system? 2013
What is an FRP composite material? How are they manufactured? Discuss their applications in aviation and automobile industry 2013
How was India benefitted from the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively? 2019
Scientific research in Indian universities is declining, because a career in science is not as attractive as our business operations, engineering or administration, and the universities are becoming consumer oriented. Critically comment. 2014
Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. 2022
Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard? 2022
Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997. 2022
Coastal sand mining, whether legal or illegal, poses one of the biggest threats to our environment. Analyze the impact of sand mining along the Indians coasts, citing specific examples. 2019
What are the impediments in disposing of the huge quantities of discarded solid wastes which are continuously being generated? How do we remove safely the toxic wastes that have been accumulating in our habitable environment? 2018
‘Climate Change’ is a global problem. How will India be affected by climate change? How Himalayan and coastal states of India will be affected by climate change? 2016
Should the pursuit of carbon credit and clean development mechanisms set up under UNFCCC be maintained even though there has been a massive slide in the value of carbon credit? Discuss with respect to India’s energy needs foreconomic growth. 2014
What are the consequences of Illegal mining? Discuss the Ministry of Environment and Forest’s concept of GO AND NO GO zones for the coal mining sector. 2013
How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006? 2020
Not many years ago, river linking was a concept but it is becoming a reality in the country. Discuss the advantages of river linking and its possible impact on the environment. 2017
Rehabilitation of human settlements is one of the important environmental impacts which always attracts controversy while planning major projects. Discuss the measures suggested for mitigation of this impact while proposing major developmental projects. 2016
Environmental impact assessment studies are increasingly undertaken before the project is cleared by the government. Discuss the environmental impacts of coal- fired thermal plants located at Pitheads. 2013
Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference? 2021
Describe the key points of the revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) recently released by the World Health Organisation (WHO). How are these different from its last update in 2005? What changes in India’s National Clean Air Programme are required to achieve these revised standards? 2021
Explain the purpose of the Green Grid Initiative launched at the World Leaders Summit of the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021. When was this idea first floated in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? 2021
What are the key features of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) initiated by the Government of India? 2020
Sikkim is the first ‘Organic State’ in India. What are the ecological and economical benefits of an Organic State? 2018
What is a wetland? Explain the Ramsar concept of ‘wise use’ in the context of wetland conservation. Cite two examples of Ramsar sites from India. 2018
Define the concept of carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for the sustainable development of a region. 2018
How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act,2002 helpful in the conservation of flora and fauna? 2017
Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of the National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). 2016
The Namami Gange and National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) programmes and causes of mixed results from the previous schemes. What quantum leaps can help preserve the river Ganga better than incremental inputs? 2014
Enumerate the National Water Policy of India. Taking river Ganges as an example, discuss the strategies which may be adopted for river water pollution control and management. What are the legal provisions of the management and handling of hazardous wastes in India? 2013
What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made effective and transparent? 2022
What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective? 2019
“Industrial growth rate has lagged behind in the overall growth of Gross- Domestic-Product (GDP) in the post-reform period” Give reasons. How far the recent changes is Industrial Policy are capable of increasing the industrial growth rate? 2018
How globalization has led to the reduction of employment in the formal sector of the Indian economy? Is increased informalization detrimental to the development of the country? 2017
Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India shifted directly from agriculture to services. What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Can India become a developed country without a strong industrial base? . 2014
Examine the impact of liberalization on companies owned by Indians. Are they competing with the MNCs satisfactorily? Discuss. 2014
State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria. 2023
How did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio- economic conditions of marginal and small farmers? 2021
Discuss the role of land reforms in agricultural development. Identify the factors that were responsible for the success of land reforms in India. 2017
In view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non-viable for a majority of farmers, should contract farming and land leasing be promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. 2015
The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 has come into effect from 1st January, 2014. What are the key issues which would get addressed with the Act in place? What implications would it have on industrialization and agriculture in India? . 2014
Establish relationship between land reforms, agricultural productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation of agriculture – friendly land reforms in India. 2013
Explain the meaning of investment in an economy in terms of capital formation. Discuss the factors to be considered while designing a concession agreement between a public entity and a private entity. 2020
Examine the developments of Airports in India through Joint Ventures under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard. 2018
Justify the need for FDI for the development of the Indian economy. Why there is gap between MOUs signed and actual FDIS? Suggest remedial steps to be taken for increasing actual FDIs in India. 2016
There is a clear acknowledgement that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are a tool of industrial development, manufacturing and exports. Recognizing this potential, the whole instrumentality of SEZs requires augmentation. Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs with respect to taxation. governing laws and administration. 2016
Explain how Private Public Partnership arrangements, in long gestation infrastructure projects, can transfer unsustainable liabilities to the future. What arrangements need to be put in place to ensure that successive generations’ capacities are not compromised? 2015
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the defence sector is now set to be liberalized. What influence this is expected to have on Indian defence and economy in the short and long run? 2014
Though India allowed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in what is called multibrand retail through the joint venture route in September 2012, the FDI, even after a year, has not picked up. Discuss the reasons. 2013
Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective? Explain. 2022
Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. 2022
“Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth.” Discuss in the light of India’s experience. 2021
With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy. 2019
Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Comment on the progress made in India in this regard. 2018
Give an account of the current status and the targets to be achieved pertaining to renewable energy sources in the country. Discuss in brief the importance of National Programme on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). 2017
What do you understand by Run-ofriver hydroelectricity project? How is it different from any other hydroelectricity project? 2014
Write a note on India’s green energy corridor to alleviate the problem of conventional energy. 2013
Adoption of PPP model for infrastructure development of the country has not been free of criticism. Critically discuss the pros and cons of the model. 2013
Elaborate the scope and significance of the food processing industry in India. 2022
What are the challenges and opportunities of food processing sector in the country? How can income of the farmers be substantially increased by encouraging food processing? 2020
Elaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. 2019
What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? 2017
What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks? 2016
India needs to strengthen measures to promote the pink revolution in food industry for ensuring better nutrition and health. Critically elucidate the statement. 2013
Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? 2023
The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them? 2022
Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. 2022
Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development. 2020
It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together. Comment on this statement. 2019
What are the salient features of ‘inclusive growth’? Has India been experiencing such a growth process? Analyze and suggest measures for inclusive growth. 2017
Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is necessary for bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this for financial inclusion of the poorer section of the Indian society? Give arguments to justify your opinion. 2016
Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges. 2016
Capitalism has guided the world economy to unprecedented prosperity. However, it often encourages short-sightedness and contributes to wide disparities between the rich and the poor. In this light, would it be correct to believe and adopt capitalism for bringing inclusive growth in India? Discuss 2014
With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new Companies Bill, 2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the challenges expected in its implementation in right earnest. Also discuss other provisions in the Bill and their implications. (200 words) 2013
Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements 2023
What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements. 2023
Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard. 2023
“Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour activity.” Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. 2022
Do you agree that the Indian economy has recently experienced V- shapes recovery? Give reasons in support of your answer. 2021
Explain the difference between computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015. 2021
Define potential GDP and explain its determinants. What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP? 2020
Explain the rationale behind the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act of 2017. How has COVID-19 impacted the GST compensation fund and created new federal tensions? 2020
Do you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. 2019
Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the goods and services tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017. 2019
How are the principles followed by the NITI Aayog different from those followed by the erstwhile Planning Commission in India? 2018
How would the recent phenomena of protectionism and currency manipulations in world trade affect macroeconomic stability of India? 2018
Account for the failure of manufacturing sector in achieving the goal of labour- intensive exports rather than capital-intensive exports. Suggest measures for more labour-intensive rather than capital-intensive exports 2017
“Success of ‘Make in India’ programme depends on the success of ‘Skill India’ programme and radical labour reforms.” Discuss with logical arguments. 2015
Craze for gold in Indians has led to a surge in import of gold in recent years and put pressure on balance of payments and external value of rupee. In view of this, examine the merits of the Gold Monetization Scheme. 2015
“While we flaunt India’s demographic dividend, we ignore the dropping rates of employability.” What are we missing while doing so? Where will the jobs that India desperately needs come from? Explain. 2014
Discuss the rationale for introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Bring out critically the reasons for the delay in roll out for its regime. 2013
Distinguish between Capital Budget and Revenue Budget. Explain the components of both these Budgets. 2021
The public expenditure management is a challenge to the Government of India in context of budget making during the post liberalization period. Clarify it. 2019
Comment on the important changes introduced in respect of the Long-term Capital Gains Tax (LCGT) and Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT) in the Union Budget for 2018-2019. . 2018
One of the intended objectives of Union Budget 2017-18 is to ‘transform, energize and clean India’. Analyse the measures proposed in the Budget 2017-18 to achieve the objective. 2017
Women empowerment in India needs gender budgeting. What are the requirements and status of gender budgeting in the Indian context? 12.5 marks 2016
What is the meaning of the term ‘tax expenditure’? Taking housing sector as an example, discuss how it influences the budgetary policies of the government. 2013
What were the reasons for the introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2013? Discuss critically its salient features and their effectiveness. 2013
What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies. 2023
What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low income trap? 2019
How do subsidies affect the cropping pattern, crop diversity and economy of farmers? What is the significance of crop insurance, minimum support price and food processing for small and marginal farmers? 2018
In what way could replacement or price subsidy with Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) change the scenario of subsidies in India? Discuss. 2016
What are the different types of agriculture subsidies given to farmers at the national and at state levels? Critically analyse the agricultural subsidy regime with reference to the distortions created by it. 2014
How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it. 2023
What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? 2021
Food Security Bill is expected to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in India. Critically discuss various apprehensions in its effective implementation along with the concerns it has generated in WTO. 2019
Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India? 2017
Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions. 2023
What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? 2021
What are the major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? 2020
How has the emphasis on certain crops brought about changes in cropping patterns in recent past? Elaborate the emphasis on millets production and consumption. 2019
Assess the role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers? 2018
What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How crop diversification is helpful to stabilize the yield of the crop in the system? 2017
What are the salient features of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched by the Government of India for water conservation and water security? 2020
Suggest measures to improve water storage and irrigation system to make its judicious use under depleting scenario. 2020
Elaborate the impact of National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas 2019
Given the vulnerability of Indian agriculture to vagaries of nature, discuss the need for crop insurance and bring out the salient features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). 2017
What is allelopatlıy? Discuss its role in major cropping systems of irrigated agriculture. 2017
What are the main constraints in transport and marketing of agricultural produce in India? 2020
Examine the role of supermarkets in supply chain management of fruits, vegetables and food items. How do they eliminate number of intermediaries? 2019
There is also a point of view that Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) set up under the State Acts have not only impeded the development of agriculture but also have been the cause of food inflation in India. Critically examine. 2014
What is Integrated Farming System? How is it helpful to small and marginal farmers in India? 2022
How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production 2019
Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India. 2015
Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples. 2022
Describe the various causes and the effects of landslides. Mention the important components of the National Landslide Risk Management Strategy. 2021
Discuss about the vulnerability of India to earthquake-related hazards. Give examples including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades. 2021
Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach. 2020
Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and its threat to people. How and in what ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different types of vulnerability with reference to disasters. 2019
Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how hazard zonation mapping will help disaster mitigation in the case of landslides. 2018
Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005’? 2017
In December 2004, a tsunami brought havoc on 14 countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for the occurrence of Tsunami and its effects on life and economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. 2016
With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of the recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand 2016
The frequency of urban floods due to high intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods. highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. 2016
The frequency of urban floods due to high-intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods, highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. 2015
With reference to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand. 2015
The frequency of earthquakes appears to have increased in the Indian subcontinent. However, India’s preparedness for mitigating their impact has significant gaps. Discuss various aspects. 2014
Drought has been recognized as a disaster in view of its party expense, temporal duration, slow onset and lasting effect on various vulnerable sections. With a focus on the September 2010 guidelines from the National disaster management authority, discuss the mechanism for preparedness to deal with the El Nino and La Nina fallouts in India. 2013
How important is vulnerability and risk assessment for pre-disaster management? As an administrator, what are key areas that you would focus on in a Disaster Management System? 2013
Whether National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSCJ) can enforce the implementation of constitutional reservation for the Scheduled Castes in the religious minority institutions? Examine. 2018
Multiplicity of various commissions for the vulnerable sections of the society leads to problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functions. Is it better to merge all commissions into an umbrella Human Rights Commission? Argue your case 2018
Though women in post-Independent India have excelled in various fields, the social attitude towards women and the feminist movement has been patriarchal.” Apart from women education and women empowerment schemes, what interventions can help change this milieu? 2021
Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. 2022
Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss. 2021
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. 2022
Does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 ensure effective mechanism for empowerment and inclusion of the intended beneficiaries in the society? Discuss 2017
Two parallel run schemes of the Government viz. the Adhaar Card and NPR, one as voluntary and the other as compulsory, have led to debates at national levels and also litigations. On merits, discuss whether or not both schemes need run concurrently. Analyse the potential of the schemes to achieve developmental benefits and equitable growth 2014
Do government’s schemes for up-lifting vulnerable and backward communities by protecting required social resources for them, lead to their exclusion in establishing businesses in urban economies? 2014
Electronic cash transfer system for the welfare schemes is an ambitious project to minimize corruption, eliminate wastage and facilitate reforms. Comment 2013
The concept of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early beginnings in Madras Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest mandates and success. 2013
Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples. 2021
“Microfinance as an anti-poverty vaccine is aimed at asset creation and income security of the rural poor in India”. Evaluate the role of Self Help Groups in achieving twin objectives along with empowering women in rural India. 2020
‘The emergence of Self Help Groups(SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities’. Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to promote the SHGs. (250 words) 2017
‘The emergence of Self Help Groups(SHGs) in contemporary times points to the slow but steady withdrawal of the state from developmental activities’. Examine the role of the SHGs in developmental activities and the measures taken by the Government of India to 2017
The Self-Help Group (SHG) Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP), which is India’s own innovation, has proved to be one of the most effective poverty alleviation and women. Elucidate 2015
The penetration of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas in promoting participation in development programmes is facing socio-cultural hurdles. Examine. 2014
The legitimacy and accountability of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their patrons, the micro-finance outfits, need systematic assessment and scrutiny for the sustained success of the concept. Discuss. 2013
“Incidence and intensity of poverty are most important in determining poverty based on income alone”. In this context analyze the latest United Nations Multi Poverty Index report. 2020
There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty and hunger in India. The shrinking of social expenditure by the government is forcing the poor to spend more on non-food essential items squeezing their food-budget – Elucidate. 2019
‘Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India remain mere show pieces until and unless they are backed by political will’. Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programmes in India. 2017
Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement. 2017
Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban and rural poverty indicators. 2015
Examine critically the recent changes in the rule governing foreign funding of NGOs under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 1976. 2015
How can the role of NGOs be strengthened in India for development works relating to protection of the environment? Discuss throwing light on the major constraints. 2015
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse 2022
Has digital illiteracy, particularly in rural areas, couple with lack of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) accessibility hindered socio-economic development? Examine with justification. 2021
“‘Earn while you learn’ scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and skill training meaningful.” Comment. 2021
“Besides being a moral imperative of Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary pre-condition for sustainable development.” Analyze. 2021
National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goals-4 (2030). It intended to restructure and re-orient the education system in India. Critically examine the statement. 2020
In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care policies are needed in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss 2020
Despite Consistent experience of high growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the issues that make balanced and inclusive development elusive 2019
Appropriate local community level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health for All’ in India. Explain. 2018
“Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes more educated, aware, skilled and creative.” What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable? 2016
Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance? 2016
Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that the private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you suggest? 2015
The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve the quality of higher and technical education in the country? Discuss. 2015
Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more academic independence in designing courses and also decide mode/criteria of selection of students. Discuss in light of the growing challenges. 2014
An athlete participates in Olympics for personal triumph and nation’s glory; victors are showered with cash incentives by various agencies, on their return. Discuss the merit of state sponsored talent hunt and its cultivation as against the rationale of a reward mechanism as encouragement. 2014
Discuss the essential conditions for exercise of the legislative powers by ne Governor. Discuss the legality of re-promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature. 2022
Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples. 2021
Judicial legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian Constitution. In this context justify the filing of large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing 2020
From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of legislative powers by the courts, ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ have emerged. Explain. 2019
Do you think that constitution of India does not accept principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balance’? Explain. 2019
Whether the Supreme Court Judgement (July 2018) can settle the political tussle between the Lt. Governor and elected government of Delhi? Examine. 2018
Critically examine the Supreme Court’s judgement on ‘National Judicial Appointments Commission Act, 2014’ with reference to appointment of judges of higher judiciary in India. 2017
What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst the basic features of the Constitution? 2016
What are the methods used by the farmer’s organizations to influence the policy- makers in India and how effective are these methods? 2019
How do pressure groups influence the Indian political process? Do you agree with this view that informal pressure groups have emerged as more powerful than formal pressure groups in recent years? (150 words) 2017
“In the Indian governance system, the role of non-state actors has been marginal, critically examine 2016
Pressure group politics is sometimes seen as the informal face of politics. With regards to the above, assess the structure and functioning of pressure groups in India 2013
Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the preamble. Are they defendable in the present circumstances stances? 2016
To what extent, in your view, the Parliament is able to ensure accountability of the executive in India? 2021
Rajyasabha has been transformed from a ‘useless Stepney tire’ to the most useful supportive organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as areas in which this transformation could be visible. 2020
‘Once a Speaker, Always a speaker’! Do you think this practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implication for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India? 2020
Individual parliamentarian’s role as the national lawmaker is on a decline, which in turn, has adversely impacted the quality of debates and their outcome. Discuss. 2019
Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee. 2018
The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding a joint session of the two houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof. 2017
The ‘Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members’ as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un- enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the ‘parliamentary privileges’. How can this problem be addressed? 2014
The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually witnessed. How far can this be attributed to the anti-defection law, which was legislated but with a different intention? 2013
To what extent, in your opinion, as the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? 2022
The strength and sustenance of local institutions in India has shifted from their formative phase of ‘functions, functionaries and funds’ to the contemporary stage of’ functionality’. Highlight the critical challenges faced by local institutions in terms of their functionality in recent times. 2020
The reservation of seats for women in the institutions of local self- government has had a limited impact on the patriarchal character of the Indian Political Process.” Comment. 2019
Assess the importance of Panchayat system in India as a part of local government. Apart from government grants, what sources the Panchayats can look out for financing developmental projects. 2018
“The local self-government system in India has not proved to be effective instrument of governance”. Critically examine the statement and give your views to improve the situation. 2017
In absence of a well-educated and organized local level government system, `Panchayats’ and ‘Samitis’ have remained mainly political institutions and not effective instruments of governance. Critically discuss. 2015
Discuss the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission which have been a departure from the previous commissions for strengthening the local government finances. 2013
The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. 2022
Discuss the desirability of greater representation to women in the higher judiciary to ensure diversity, equity and inclusiveness. 2021
‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions. 2021
What are the major changes brought in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 through the recent Ordinance promulgated by the President? How far will it improve India’s dispute resolution mechanism? Discuss. 2015
Starting from inventing the ‘basic structure’ doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring that India develops into a thriving democracy. In light of the statement, evaluate the role played by judicial activism in achieving the ideals of democracy. 2014
Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures. 2021
“Recent amendments to the Right to Information Act will have profound impact on the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission”. Discuss. 2020
“The Central Administration Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority.” Explain. 2019
How far do you agree with the view that tribunals curtail the jurisdiction of ordinary courts? In view of the above, discuss the constitutional validity and competency of the tribunals in India. 2018
Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. 2017
What is a quasi-judicial body? Explain with the help of concrete examples. 2016
“For achieving the desired objectives, it is necessary to ensure that the regulatory institutions remain independent and autonomous.” Discuss in the light of the experiences in recent past. 2015
The setting up of a Rail Tariff Authority to regulate fares will subject the cash strapped Indian Railways to demand subsidy for obligation to operate non-profitable routes and services. Taking into account the experience in the power sector, discuss if the proposed reform is expected to benefit the consumers, the Indian Railways or the private container operators. 2014
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that ensure the accountability of a government. In light of the above observation assess the role of NHRC as an effective complement to the judiciary and other institutions in promoting and protecting human rights standards. 2014
The product diversification of financial institutions and insurance companies, resulting in overlapping of products and services strengthens the case for the merger of the two regulatory agencies, namely SEBI and IRDA. Justify. 2013
Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. 2022
Which steps are required for constitutionalisation of a commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the national commission for woman would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons. 2020
“The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.” Discuss. 2019
How is the Finance Commission of India constituted? What do you about the terms of reference of the recently constituted Finance Commission? Discuss. 2018
“The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play.” Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise. 2018
Exercise of CAC’s powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and the States is derived from Article 149 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss whether audit of the Government’s Policy implementation could amount to overstepping its own (CAG) jurisdiction. 2016
Did the Government of India Act, 1935 lay down a federal constitution? Discuss. 2016
“Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute.” Comment. 2022
Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. 2017
Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulations on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and Judgement(s) of the Apex Court in this regard. 2015
Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set the things right in this regard. 2015
Though 100 percent FDI is already allowed in non-news media like a trade publication and general entertainment channel, the government is mulling over the proposal for increased FDI in news media for quite some time. What difference would an increase in FDI make? Critically evaluate the pros and cons. 2014
What do you understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss. 2014
Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution. 2013
While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy.” Comment. 2022
Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations. 2021
The jurisdiction of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) regarding lodging an FIR and conducting probe within a particular state is being questioned by various States. However, the power of States to withhold consent to the CBI is not absolute. Explain with special reference to the federal character of India. 2021
How have the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission of India enabled the states to improve their fiscal position? 2021
Indian Constitution exhibits centralising tendencies to maintain unity and integrity of the nation. Elucidate in the perspective of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897; The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and recently passed Farm Acts. 2020
How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. 2020
Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected representatives and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor in the administration of Delhi. Do you think that this will give rise to a new trend in the functioning of the Indian federal politics? 2016
To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note “Temporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir”, temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity. 2016
The concept of cooperative federalism has been increasingly emphasized in recent years. Highlight the drawbacks in the existing structure and the extent to which cooperative federalism would answer the shortcomings. 2015
Though the federal principle is dominant in our Constitution and that principle is one of its basic features, but it is equally true that federalism under the Indian Constitution leans in favour of a strong Centre, a feature that militates against the concept of strong federalism. Discuss. 2014
The Central Government frequently complains of the poor performance of the State Governments in eradicating suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society. Restructuring of Centrally sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause of vulnerable sections of population aims at providing flexibility to the States in better implementation. Critically evaluate. 2013
Recent directives from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas are perceived by the `Nagas’ as a threat to override the exceptional status enjoyed by the State. Discuss in light of Article 371A of the Indian Constitution. 2013
Constitutional mechanisms to resolve the inter-state water disputes have failed to address and solve the problems. Is the failure due to structural or process inadequacy or both? Discuss. 2013
Many State Governments further bifurcate geographical administrative areas like Districts and Talukas for better governance. In light of the above, can it also be justified that more number of smaller States would bring in effective governance at State level? Discuss. 2013
Discuss the role of the Vice –Presidents of India as the chairman of the Rajyasabha 2022
Instances of President’s delay in commuting death sentences has come under public debate as denial of justice. Should there be a time limit specified for the President to accept/reject such petitions? Analyse. 2014
The size of the cabinet should be as big as governmental work justifies and as big as the Prime Minister can manage as a team. How far is the efficacy of a government then inversely related to the size of the cabinet? Discuss. 2014
Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force? 2018
Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in the light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. 2022
Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or State Legislature under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws. 2022
“There is a need for simplification of Procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of Peoples Act”. Comment 2020
On what grounds a people’s representative can be disqualified under the representation of people act, 1951? Also, mention the remedies available to such a person against his disqualification? 2019
In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India to ensure the trustworthiness of elections in India? 2018
To enhance the quality of democracy in India the Election Commission of India has proposed electoral reforms in 2016. What are the suggested reforms and how far are they significant to make democracy successful? 2017
Simultaneous election to the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies will limit the amount of time and money spent in electioneering but it will reduce the government’s accountability to the people’ Discuss. (150 words) 2017
“The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.” Discuss 2016
Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. 2015
Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are Elected. 2022
Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India. 2021
The judicial system in India and UK seem to be converging as well as diverging in recent times. Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the two nations in terms of their judicial practices. 2020
What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? 2019
India and USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenants on which the two political systems are based. 2018
Parliament’s power to amend the constitution is limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power”. In light of this statement, explain whether parliament under article 368 of the constitution can destroy the basic structure of the constitution by expanding its amending power? 2018
Explain the salient features of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. Do you think it is efficacious enough ‘to remove cascading effect of taxes and provide for a common national market for goods and services’? 2017
“If the last few decades were of Asia’s growth story, the next few are expected to be of Africa’s.” In the light of this statement, examine India’s influence in Africa in recent years. 2021
“The USA is facing an existential threat in the form of a China, that is much more challenging than the erstwhile Soviet Union.” Explain. 2021
What is the significance of Indo-US deals over Indo-Russian defence deals? Discuss with reference to stability in the Indo-Pacific region 2020
“The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalised nations has disappeared on account of its newfound role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate 2019
What introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s national self-esteem and ambitions’. Explain with suitable examples. 2019
‘The time has come for India and Japan to build a strong contemporary relationship, one involving global and strategic partnerships that will have a great significance for Asia and the world as a whole.’ Comment. 2019
A number of outside powers have entrenched themselves in Central Asia, which is a zone of interest to India. Discuss the implications, in this context, of India’s joining the Ashgabat Agreement, 2018
In what ways would the ongoing US-Iran Nuclear Pact Controversy affect the national interest of India? How should India respond to its situation? 2018
“India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back.” Discuss. 2018
Indian and the USA are two large democracies. Examine the basic tenets on which the two political systems are based. 2018
The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. 2017
Evaluate the economic and strategic dimensions of India’s Look East Policy in the context of the post-Cold War international scenario. 2016
Increasing interest of India in Africa has its pros and cons. Critically examine. 2015
What do you understand by ‘The String of Pearls’? How does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this. 2013
Economic ties between India and Japan while growing in recent years are still far below their potential. Elucidate the policy constraints which are inhibiting this growth. 2013
Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. 2022
Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020
‘Too little cash, too much politics, leave UNESCO fighting for life.’ Discuss the statement in the light of the US’ withdrawal and its accusation of the cultural body as being ‘anti- Israel bias’. 2019
What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of ‘Trade War’, especially keeping in mind the interest of India? 2018
What are the main functions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)? Explain different functional commissions attached to it. 2017
What are the aims and objectives of the McBride Commission of UNESCO? What is India’s position on these? 2016
“The broader aims and objectives of WTO are to manage and promote international trade in the era of globalization. But the Doha round of negotiations seems doomed due to differences between the developed and the developing countries.” Discuss in the Indian perspective. 2016
Discuss the impediments India is facing in its pursuit of a permanent seat in the UN Security Council. 2015
WTO is an important international institution where decisions are taken to affect countries in a profound manner. What is the mandate of WTO and how binding are their decisions? Critically analyse India’s stand on the latest round of talks on Food security. 2014
Some of the International funding agencies have special terms for economic participation stipulating a substantial component of the aid used for sourcing equipment from the leading countries. Discuss the merits of such terms and it, there exists a strong case not to accept such conditions in the Indian context. 2014
The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate. 2013
How will 12U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? 2022
Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC ? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two ? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation? 2022
The newly tri-nation partnership AUKUS is aimed at countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region. Is it going to supersede the existing partnerships in the region? Discuss the strength and impact of AUKUS in the present scenario. 2021
Critically examine the aims and objectives of SCO. what importance does it hold for India? 2021
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue is transforming itself into a trade block from the military alliance, in present times. Discuss 2020
“Increasing cross-border terrorist attacks in India and growing interference in the internal affairs of member-states by Pakistan are not conducive for the future of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).” Explain with suitable examples. 2016
India has recently signed to become a founding member of the New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India. 2014
The aim of Information Technology Agreements (ITAs) is to lower all taxes and tariffs on Information technology products by signatories to zero. What impact would such agreements have on India’s interests? 2014
India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka.’ Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in the light of the preceding statement. 2022
‘China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbor. 2017
Project `Mausam’ is considered a unique foreign policy initiative of the Indian Government to improve relationships with its neighbors. Does the project have a strategic dimension? Discuss. 2015
Terrorist activities and mutual distrust have clouded India-Pakistan relations. To what extent the use of soft power like sports and cultural exchanges could help generate goodwill between the two countries? Discuss with suitable examples. 2015
With respect to the South China Sea, maritime territorial disputes and rising tension affirm the need for safeguarding maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and ever flight throughout the region. In this context, discuss the bilateral issues between India and China. 2014
Discuss the political developments in the Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India? 2013
The protests in Shahbag Square in Dhaka in Bangladesh reveal a fundamental split in society between the nationalists and Islamic forces. What is its significance for India? 2013
The proposed withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) from Afghanistan in 2014 is fraught with major security implications for the countries of the region. Examine in light of the fact that India is faced with a plethora of challenges and needs to safeguard its own strategic interests. 2013
What is meant by Gujral doctrine? Does it have any relevance today? Discuss 2013
In respect of India — Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy. 2013
“Indian diaspora has a decisive role to play in the politics and economy of America and European Countries”. Comment with examples. 2020
Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in South- East Asia in this context 2017
The need for cooperation among various service sectors has been an inherent component of development discourse. Partnership bridges the gap among the sectors. It also sets in motion a culture of ‘collaboration’ and ‘team spirit’. In the light of statements above examine India’s development process. 2019
Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in the governance system are interdependent” Discuss their relationship in the context of India. 2016
In the integrity index of Transparency International, India stands very low. Discuss briefly the legal, political, economic, social and cultural factors that have caused the decline of public morality in India. 2016
“Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in the governance system are inter-dependent.” Discuss their relationship with each other in context of India. 2016
In the light of the Satyam Scandal (2009), discuss the changes brought in corporate governance to ensure transparency, accountability. 2015
“Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India.” Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies. 2021
Can Civil Society and Non-Governmental Organizations present an alternative model of public service delivery to benefit the common citizen? Discuss the challenges of this alternative model. 2021
Discuss the role of Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people. 2017
The Citizen’s Charter is an ideal instrument of organisational transparency and accountability, but it has its own limitations. Identify the limitations and suggest measures for greater effectiveness of the Citizen’s Charters. 2018
‘A national Lokpal, however strong it may be, cannot resolve the problems of immorality in public affairs’. Discuss. 2013
Though Citizen’s charters have been formulated by many public service delivery organizations, there is no corresponding improvement in the level of citizens’ satisfaction and quality of services being provided. Analyse. 2013
“The emergence of Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e- Governance as an integral part of the government”. Discuss 2020
Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation. 2019
E-Governance is not only about utilization of the power of new technology, but also much about critical importance of the ‘use value’ of information Explain. 2018
Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process ? Justify your answer. 2022
The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. 2022
‘In the context of the neo-liberal paradigm of developmental planning, multi-level planning is expected to make operations cost-effective and remove many implementation blockages’- Discuss 2019
Has the Indian governmental system responded adequately to the demands of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization started in 1991? What can the government do to be responsive to this important change? 2016
“If amendment bill to the Whistleblowers Act, 2011 tabled in the Parliament is passed, there may be no one left to protect.” Critically evaluate. 2015
“Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context, suggest reforms in Civil Service for Strengthening Democracy. 2020
Initially Civil Services in India were designed to achieve the goals of neutrality. Comment 2017
Civil Services “Traditional bureaucratic structure and culture have hampered the process of socio-economic development in India.” Comment. 2016
Civil Services Has the Cadre based Civil Services Organisation been the cause of slow change in India? Critically examine. 2014
There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars.” Evaluate the statement. 2021
To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two world- wars? Discuss critically. 2015
Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolutions. 2019
American revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate. 2013
The New Economic Policy-1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate. 2014
What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic depression? 2013
Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of people there during the industrialisation. How does it compare with that in India at present? 2015
“latecomer” industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what west had experienced. 2013
What problems were germane to the decolonization process of Malay peninsula? 2017
The anti-colonial struggles in the West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine 2016
What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India? 2014
Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition. Analyse. 2013
What were the events that led to Suez crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power? 2014
The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. 2022
Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States 2021
Discuss whether the formation of new states in recent times beneficial or not for the economy of India 2018
Analyse the circumstances that led to Tashkent agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the agreement. 2013
Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh 2013
Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”. 2013
Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movements initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success. 2013
Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States. 2021
Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj. 2021
Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. 2019
The women’s question arose in Modern India as part of the 19th century social reform movement. What were the major issues and debates concerning women in that period? 2017
Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss. 2020
Highlight the importance of objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since twenties of last century. 2017
Why did the ‘Moderates’ fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century? 2017
Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during Gandhian phase. Elaborate 2019
Throw light on the significance of thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in present times 2018
Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons. 2022
Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the Indian rulers? Give reasons. 2022
Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non- Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. 2021
The 1857 uprising was the culmination of the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate. 2019
Clarify how mid-eighteenth-century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity 2017
Explain how the uprising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards the colonial India. 2016
In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India? 2014
The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire- shaking battles fought at Panipat 2014
To what extent did the role of the moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment. 2021
Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom. 2016
Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase. 2016
How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss. 2015
Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post- independent India. 2013
Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyse their role in Indian struggle for freedom 2013
Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss. 2013
Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long term implications on the national movements. 2020
Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s. 2019
Why indented labour was taken by the British from India to other colonies? Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there? 2018
Examine how the decline of traditional artisan industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. 2017
It would have been difficult for the constituent assembly to complete the historic task of drafting the constitution for independent India in just three years but for the experience gained with the Government of India act, 1935. Discuss. 2015
Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence. 2014
In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of Modern India. Elaborate. 2013
Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India. 2021
What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? 2019
“Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss. 2019
‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata.’ Substantiate your view. 2018
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India 2015
How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes? 2015
Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments. 2014
How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle-class working woman in India? 2014
Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias. Comment 2013
How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? 2022
What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India? 2021
With a brief background of the quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme. 2016
Given the diversities among the tribal communities in India, in which specific contexts should they be considered as a single category? 2022
What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (STs)? 2017
Why are the tribals in India referred to as ‘the Scheduled Tribes’? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment. 2016
Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer. 2022
What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism? 2019
How is the Indian concept of secularism different from the western model of secularism? Discuss. 2018
How do the Indian debates on secularism differ from the debates in the West? 2014
Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree? 2020
Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.’ Argue by giving suitable illustrations 2018
Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India. 2017
Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue. 2020
Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples 2019
What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on a regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer. 2016
Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand for a separate state. Discuss. 2013
COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. 2020
Despite the implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing’. Explain by giving reasons 2019
An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from the process of deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples. 2016
Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail. 2021
Critically examine whether a growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the mains cause of population increase in India 2015
Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades 2015
Analyze the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion. 2022
Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships. 2022
How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it. 2021
How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the education system in the country? Elaborate your answer. 2020
The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss. 2014
Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. 2022
What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also? 2021
Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer. 2020
Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss. 2019
Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to these cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate. 2018
To what extent has globalisation influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain. 2016
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India? 2015
Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India. 2013
The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part in the present. Elaborate 2017
In the context of the diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your viewpoint. 2017
Has the formation of linguistic states strengthened the cause of Indian unity? 2016
Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity. 2015
Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi-cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations. 2020
Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, the caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment 2018
Debate the issue of whether and how contemporary movements for the assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste. 2015
Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your answer. 2021
Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. 2022
Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations. 2016
South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment. 2016
How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa? 2014
Describing the distribution of rubber producing countries, indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. 2022
Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. 2022
Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan trap’. 2022
Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world. 2021
India has immense potential of solar energy though there are regional variations in its developments. Elaborate. 2020
The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine. 2020
Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples. 2020
Defining blue resources, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India. 2018
Why is India taking keen in resources of Arctic region? 2018
Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications. 2017
“In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development”. Discuss. 2017
In what way can floods be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India? 2017
Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India. 2016
In what way micro-watershed Development projects help in water conservation in drought prone and semi-arid regions of India. 2016
The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain. 2016
India is well endowed with fresh water resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. 2015
What are the economic significances of discovery of oil in Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences? 2015
Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually by-pass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water 2014
Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain. 2014
Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world. 2014
With growing scarcity of fossil fuels, the atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw material required for the generation of atomic energy in India and in the world. 2013
It is said the India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of country for quarter century. However, tapping of the resources doesn’t appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved. 2013
Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in percentage. Discuss. 2021
Discuss the factors for the localisation of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India. 2019
Can the strategy of regional resource-based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India? 2019
What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying the industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics. 2018
Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world. 2014
Analyze the factors for highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India. 2013
Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in the Southern states of India? Discuss with justification. 2013
How is efficient and affordable urban mess transport key to the rapid economic development of India? 2019
Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration. 2015
Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so? 2015
The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand arc reaching the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate 2015
Discussion the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India. 2013
What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples. 2021
Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. 2020
How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far-reaching impact on the water resources of India? 2020
The process of desertification does not have climate boundaries. Justify with examples. 2020
Assess the impact of global warming on the coral life system with examples 2019
How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism? 2019
What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India? 2019
Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. 2019
Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats. 2021
Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures. 2020
“The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation. 2016
Major cities of India are becoming more vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss 2016
Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats. 2013
What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in fishing industry of the world. 2022
Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone. 2020
How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and the coastal environment? Give suitable examples. 2019
What are the consequences of spreading of “Dead Zones on Marine Ecosystem? 2018
Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multi-dimensional effects. 2017
Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents. How do they influence regional climates, fishing and navigation? 2015
Troposphere is a very significant atmospheric layer that determines weather processes. How? 2022
Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological department. 2022
How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain. 2021
Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. 2021
What characteristics can be assigned to the monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia? 2017
How does the cryosphere affect global climate? 2017
Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes. 2016
How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss. 2015
Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian subcontinent. 2014
Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree? 2014
Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mexico. Why? 2014
Major hot deserts in the northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degree north and on the western side of the continents. Why? 2013
What do you understand by the phenomenon of temperature inversion in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the habitants of the place? 2013
Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world. 2013
The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called “Phailin”. How are the tropical cyclones named across the world? 2013
Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture. 2022
Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems. 2021
Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss. 2020
Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. 2020
Sufis and medieval saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu/Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment. 2014
The Bhakti movement received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss. 2018
The ancient civilization in the Indian subcontinent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its cultural traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment. 2015
To what extent was the urban planning and culture of the Indus valley civilization provided inputs to the present-day urbanisation? Discuss. 2014
Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture. 2021
Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment. 2020
Assess the importance of accounts of Arab and Chinese travellers in the reconstruction of history of India. 2018
Krishnadeva Raya, the king of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron off learning and literature. Discuss. 2016
Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss 2014
Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment. 2013
Highlight the central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art. 2019
How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times? 2017
Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. 2016
Mesolithic rock cut architecture off India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment. 2015
Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. 2014
Discuss Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions. 2013
Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss. 2013
Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. 2023
Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture. 2022
How will you explain the medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days? 2022
The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss. 2020